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| | PTPN3 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type; May act at junctions between the membrane and the cytoskeleton. (910 aa) |
| | ARPC5 | Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5; Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development. (151 aa) |
| | PTPN14 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class subfamily. (1186 aa) |
| | PTPN4 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type; May act at junctions between the membrane and the cytoskeleton. (926 aa) |
| | VIL1 | Villin-1; Epithelial cell-specific Ca(2+)-regulated actin-modifying protein that modulates the reorganization of microvillar actin filaments. Plays a role in the actin nucleation, actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament capping and severing. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); binds LPA with higher affinity than PIP2. Binding to LPA increases its phosphorylation by SRC and inhibits all actin-modifying activities. Binding to PIP2 inhibits actin-capping and -severing activities but enhances actin-bundling activity. Regulates the inte [...] (826 aa) |
| | FSCN3 | Fascin. (498 aa) |
| | JUP | Junction plakoglobin; Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE- cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E- cadherin/catenin adhes [...] (744 aa) |
| | TUBGCP5 | Gamma-tubulin complex component; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (1061 aa) |
| | ATAT1 | Alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1; Specifically acetylates 'Lys-40' in alpha-tubulin on the lumenal side of microtubules. Promotes microtubule destabilization and accelerates microtubule dynamics; this activity may be independent of acetylation activity. Acetylates alpha-tubulin with a slow enzymatic rate, due to a catalytic site that is not optimized for acetyl transfer. Enters the microtubule through each end and diffuses quickly throughout the lumen of microtubules. Acetylates only long/old microtubules because of its slow acetylation rate since it does not have time to act on dyn [...] (421 aa) |
| | FTCD | Formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase; Folate-dependent enzyme, that displays both transferase and deaminase activity. Serves to channel one-carbon units from formiminoglutamate to the folate pool; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the formiminotransferase family. (533 aa) |
| | LOC100510930 | Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (469 aa) |
| | FER | Tyrosine-protein kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Fes/fps subfamily. (822 aa) |
| | FSCN1 | Fascin. (465 aa) |
| | SPDL1 | Protein Spindly; Required for the localization of dynein and dynactin to the mitotic kintochore. Dynein is believed to control the initial lateral interaction between the kinetochore and spindle microtubules and to facilitate the subsequent formation of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments mediated by the NDC80 complex. Also required for correct spindle orientation. Does not appear to be required for the removal of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins from the kinetochore upon bipolar spindle attachment. (605 aa) |
| | BBS2 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein homolog. (727 aa) |
| | LZTS2 | Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 2; Negative regulator of katanin-mediated microtubule severing and release from the centrosome. Required for central spindle formation and the completion of cytokinesis. May negatively regulate axonal outgrowth by preventing the formation of microtubule bundles that are necessary for transport within the elongating axon. Negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Represses beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation by promoting the nuclear exclusion of beta- catenin. (667 aa) |
| | KATNA1 | Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A1; Catalytic subunit of a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation. Microtubule release from the mitotic spindle poles may allow depolymerization of the microtubule end proximal to the spindle pole, leading to poleward microtubule flux and poleward motion of chromosome. Microtubule release within the cell body of neurons may be required for their transport into neuronal p [...] (493 aa) |
| | CFL1 | Cofilin-1; Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required for the up- regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. Required for neural tube morphogenesis and neural crest cell migration (By similarity). (179 aa) |
| | TMSB4X | Hematopoietic system regulatory peptide; Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization; Belongs to the thymosin beta family. (44 aa) |
| | CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Regulates cell migration. In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections (By similarity). Require [...] (197 aa) |
| | RAE1 | mRNA export factor; Plays a role in mitotic bipolar spindle formation. Binds mRNA. May function in nucleocytoplasmic transport and in directly or indirectly attaching cytoplasmic mRNPs to the cytoskeleton. (368 aa) |
| | VIM | Vimentin; Vimentins are class-III intermediate filaments found in various non-epithelial cells, especially mesenchymal cells. Vimentin is attached to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, either laterally or terminally. (469 aa) |
| | RDX | Radixin; Probably plays a crucial role in the binding of the barbed end of actin filaments to the plasma membrane. (611 aa) |
| | SPTBN1 | Spectrin beta chain; Belongs to the spectrin family. (2365 aa) |
| | S100A12 | Protein S100-A12; S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. Its proinflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF- kappa-B signaling pathways leadi [...] (95 aa) |
| | MAP2 | Microtubule-associated protein. (2056 aa) |
| | BCL2L1 | Bcl-2-like protein 1; Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage- dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Regulates presynaptic plasticity, including neurotransmitter release and recovery, number of axonal mitochondria as well as size and number of synaptic vesicle clusters. During synaptic stimulation, increases ATP availab [...] (233 aa) |
| | A0A286ZQR6_PIG | Dynein light chain. (142 aa) |
| | RNF19A | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF19A; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2L3 and UBE2L6 in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates, such as SNCAIP or CASR; Belongs to the RBR family. RNF19 subfamily. (838 aa) |
| | ARHGEF2 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2; Activates Rho-GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. May be involved in epithelial barrier permeability, cell motility and polarization, dendritic spine morphology, antigen presentation, leukemic cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, innate immune response, and cancer. Binds Rac-GTPases, but does not seem to promote nucleotide exchange activity toward Rac-GTPases. May stimulate instead the cortical activity of Rac. Inactive toward CDC42, TC10, or Ras- GTPases. Forms an intracellular sensing system along with NOD1 for the detec [...] (1066 aa) |
| | PAFAH1B1 | Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit alpha; Positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein. May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule sliding by targeting dynein to the microtubule plus end. Required for several dynein- and microtubule-dependent processes such as the maintenance of Golgi integrity, the peripheral transport of microtubule fragments and the coupling of the nucleus and centrosome. Required during brain development for the proliferation of neuronal precursors and the migration of newly formed neurons from the ven [...] (410 aa) |
| | ABRA | Actin-binding Rho-activating protein; Acts as an activator of serum response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription possibly by inducing nuclear translocation of MKL1 or MKL2 and through a mechanism requiring Rho-actin signaling. (384 aa) |
| | LOC110257905 | Thymosin beta; Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization. Belongs to the thymosin beta family. (44 aa) |
| | GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubu [...] (398 aa) |
| | ACTB | Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed; Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells. Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction. In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA. (375 aa) |
| | NEK6 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek6; Protein kinase which plays an important role in mitotic cell cycle progression. Required for chromosome segregation at metaphase- anaphase transition, robust mitotic spindle formation and cytokinesis. Phosphorylates ATF4, CIR1, PTN, RAD26L, RBBP6, RPS7, RPS6KB1, TRIP4, STAT3 and histones H1 and H3. Phosphorylates KIF11 to promote mitotic spindle formation. Involved in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest induced by DNA damage. Inhibition of activity results in apoptosis. May contribute to tumorigenesis by suppressing p53/TP53-induced cancer cell senescence [...] (402 aa) |
| | AURKA | Aurora kinase A; Mitotic serine/threonine kinase that contributes to the regulation of cell cycle progression. Associates with the centrosome and the spindle microtubules during mitosis and plays a critical role in various mitotic events including the establishment of mitotic spindle, centrosome duplication, centrosome separation as well as maturation, chromosomal alignment, spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. Required for normal spindle positioning during mitosis and for the localization of NUMA1 and DCTN1 to the cell cortex during metaphase. Required for initial activation [...] (408 aa) |
| | ACTR2 | Actin-related protein 2; ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. Seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament. (404 aa) |
| | AIF1 | Allograft inflammatory factor 1; Actin-binding protein that enhances membrane ruffling and RAC activation. Enhances the actin-bundling activity of LCP1. Binds calcium. Plays a role in RAC signaling and in phagocytosis. May play a role in macrophage activation and function. Promotes the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and of T-lymphocytes. Enhances lymphocyte migration. Plays a role in vascular inflammation (By similarity). Has a dual influence on glucose-induced insulin secretion: inhibition at low concentration and stimulation at high concentrations. (147 aa) |
| | ACTR1A | Actin related protein 1A. (369 aa) |
| | ARPC2 | Arp2/3 complex 34 kDa subunit; Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. (273 aa) |
| | PDE6D | Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta; Promotes the release of prenylated target proteins from cellular membranes. Modulates the activity of prenylated or palmitoylated Ras family members by regulating their subcellular location. Required for normal ciliary targeting of farnesylated target proteins, such as INPP5E. Modulates the subcellular location of target proteins by acting as a GTP specific dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Increases the affinity of ARL3 for GTP by several orders of magnitude. Stabilizes ARL3-GTP by decreasing the nucleotide [...] (150 aa) |
| | SPTB | Spectrin beta chain; Belongs to the spectrin family. (2340 aa) |
| | MAP4 | Microtubule-associated protein. (2248 aa) |
| | ACTBL2 | Actin beta like 2. (385 aa) |
| | MSRB1 | Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1; Methionine-sulfoxide reductase that specifically reduces methionine (R)-sulfoxide back to methionine. While in many cases, methionine oxidation is the result of random oxidation following oxidative stress, methionine oxidation is also a post-translational modification that takes place on specific residue. Acts as a regulator of actin assembly by reducing methionine (R)-sulfoxide mediated by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) on actin, thereby promoting filament repolymerization. Plays a role in innate immunity by reducing oxidized actin, leading to a [...] (94 aa) |
| | GSN | Gelsolin; Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembly of monomers into filaments (nucleation) as well as sever filaments already formed. Plays a role in ciliogenesis (By similarity). Belongs to the villin/gelsolin family. (780 aa) |
| | TPM4 | Tropomyosin alpha-4 chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments. Binds calcium. (284 aa) |
| | LASP1 | LIM and SH3 domain protein 1; Plays an important role in the regulation of dynamic actin- based, cytoskeletal activities. Agonist-dependent changes in LASP1 phosphorylation may also serve to regulate actin-associated ion transport activities, not only in the parietal cell but also in certain other F-actin-rich secretory epithelial cell types (By similarity). (280 aa) |
| | ACTG1 | Actin gamma 1. (381 aa) |
| | DYNLRB2 | Dynein light chain roadblock; Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. (96 aa) |
| | BIRC5 | Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5; Multitasking protein that has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis (By similarity). Component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC) which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis (By similarity). Acts as an important regulator of the localization of this complex; directs CPC movement to different locations from the inner centromere during prometaphase to midbody during cytokinesis and participates in the organization of the center spindle by associating with p [...] (142 aa) |
| | SCIN | Adseverin; Ca(2+)-dependent actin filament-severing protein that has a regulatory function in exocytosis by affecting the organization of the microfilament network underneath the plasma membrane. In vitro, also has barbed end capping and nucleating activities in the presence of Ca(2+). Severing activity is inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis- phosphate (PIP2) (By similarity). Required for megakaryocyte differentiation, maturation, polyploidization and apoptosis with the release of platelet-like particles (By similarity). Plays a role in osteoclastogenesis (OCG) and actin cytoskel [...] (715 aa) |
| | DNAL4 | Dynein light chain 4, axonemal; Force generating protein of respiratory cilia. Produces force towards the minus ends of microtubules. Dynein has ATPase activity (By similarity). (100 aa) |
| | LIMA1 | LIM domain and actin-binding protein 1; Actin-binding protein involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation and dynamics. Increases the number and size of actin stress fibers and inhibits membrane ruffling. Inhibits actin filament depolymerization. Bundles actin filaments, delays filament nucleation and reduces formation of branched filaments (By similarity). Plays a role in cholesterol homeostasis. Influences plasma cholesterol levels through regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption. May act as a scaffold protein by regulating NPC1L1 transportation, an essential protein for cholest [...] (766 aa) |
| | CASS4 | Cas scaffolding protein family member 4; Docking protein that plays a role in tyrosine kinase-based signaling related to cell adhesion and cell spreading. Regulates PTK2/FAK1 activity, focal adhesion integrity, and cell spreading (By similarity). (810 aa) |
| | DYNC1LI1 | Dynein light intermediate chain; Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in binding dynein to membranous organelles or chromosomes. (524 aa) |
| | NUBP2 | Cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly factor NUBP2; Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. The NUBP1-NUBP2 heterotetramer forms a Fe-S scaffold complex, mediating the de novo assembly of an Fe-S cluster and its transfer to target apoproteins; Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP2/CFD1 subfamily. (325 aa) |
| | MSN | Moesin; Probably involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. Plays a role in regulating the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of human lymphoid cells and participates in immunologic synapse formation. (612 aa) |
| | PPP1R18 | Phostensin; May target protein phosphatase 1 to F-actin cytoskeleton. (862 aa) |
| | STMN1 | Stathmin; Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (MT) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules (By similarity). Its phosphorylation at Ser-16 may be required for axon formation during neurogenesis. Involved in the control of the learned and innate fear (By similarity). Belongs to the stathmin family. (211 aa) |
| | WDR35 | WD repeat-containing protein 35; As a component of the IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport and entry into cilia of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), it is involved in ciliogenesis and ciliary protein trafficking. (1202 aa) |
| | DDX58 | Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I; Innate immune receptor that senses cytoplasmic viral nucleic acids and activates a downstream signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNAs on which it homooligomerizes to form filaments. The homooligomerization allows the recruitment of RNF135 an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that activates and amplifies the RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling in an RNA length-dependent manner through ubiquitination-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Up [...] (943 aa) |
| | NR3C1 | Glucocorticoid receptor; Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP [...] (810 aa) |
| | NOS3 | Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets (By similarity). (1239 aa) |
| | TUBB2B | Tubulin beta chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain; Belongs to the tubulin family. (465 aa) |
| | SPTBN2 | Spectrin beta chain; Belongs to the spectrin family. (2423 aa) |
| | TP53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53; Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its intera [...] (442 aa) |
| | TUBA8 | Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (497 aa) |
| | TGFB1I1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein; Functions as a molecular adapter coordinating multiple protein-protein interactions at the focal adhesion complex and in the nucleus. Links various intracellular signaling modules to plasma membrane receptors and regulates the Wnt and TGFB signaling pathways. (519 aa) |
| | TUBB6 | Tubulin beta chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (411 aa) |
| | ARL6IP5 | PRA1 family protein 3; Regulates intracellular concentrations of taurine and glutamate. Negatively modulates SLC1A1/EAAC1 glutamate transport activity by decreasing its affinity for glutamate in a PKC activity- dependent manner. May be involved in membrane traffic. (202 aa) |
| | TUBA1A | Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-1B chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (451 aa) |
| | DAG1 | Alpha-dystroglycan; The dystroglycan complex is involved in a number of processes including laminin and basement membrane assembly, sacrolemmal stability, cell survival, peripheral nerve myelination, nodal structure, cell migration, and epithelial polarization. Beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that plays important roles in connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Acts as a cell adhesion receptor in both muscle and non- muscle tissues. Receptor for both DMD and UTRN and, through these interactions, scaffolds axin to the cytoskeleton. Also functions in cell ad [...] (912 aa) |
| | ACTG2 | Actin gamma 2, smooth muscle. (417 aa) |
| | KITLG | Soluble KIT ligand; Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or M [...] (276 aa) |
| | TUBGCP2 | Gamma-tubulin complex component; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (905 aa) |
| | DYNC1LI2 | Dynein light intermediate chain; Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in binding dynein to membranous organelles or chromosomes. (492 aa) |
| | ROCK2 | Rho-associated protein kinase 2; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1- p44/MAPK3 and of p90RSK/RPS6K [...] (1397 aa) |
| | CSNK1A1 | Casein kinase I isoform alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates CTNNB1 at 'Ser-45'. May phosphorylate PER1 and PER2. May play a role in segregating chromosomes during mitosis. May play a role in keratin cytoskeleton disassembly and thereby, it may regulate epithelial cell migration. (359 aa) |
| | AURKB | Aurora kinase B; Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. Involved in the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores and is a key regulator for the onset of cytokinesis during mitosis. Required for central/midzone spindle assembly and cleavage furrow formation. Key component of [...] (443 aa) |
| | RPS3 | 40S ribosomal protein S3; Involved in translation as a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit. Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA. Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA. Displays high binding affinity for 7,8- dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA. Stimulates the N-glycosylase activity of the base excision protei [...] (259 aa) |
| | KATNB1 | Katanin p80 WD40 repeat-containing subunit B1; Participates in a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. May act to target the enzymatic subunit of this complex to sites of action such as the centrosome. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation. Microtubule release from the mitotic spindle poles may allow depolymerization of the microtubule end proximal to the spindle pole, leading to poleward microtubule flux and poleward motion of chromosome. Micr [...] (690 aa) |
| | ROCK1 | Rho-associated protein kinase; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. (1354 aa) |
| | DYNLRB1 | Dynein light chain roadblock; Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. (117 aa) |
| | TUBGCP4 | Gamma-tubulin complex component; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (667 aa) |
| | UTRN | Uncharacterized protein. (3433 aa) |
| | DMD | Dystrophin; Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F- actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission. (3679 aa) |
| | LOC100158003 | Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (446 aa) |
| | LOC100155138 | Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (465 aa) |
| | SPAST | Spastin; ATP-dependent microtubule severing protein that specifically recognizes and cuts microtubules that are polyglutamylated. Preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold. Severing activity is not dependent on tubulin acetylation or detyrosination. Microtubule severing promotes reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation [...] (615 aa) |
| | KATNAL2 | Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A-like 2; Severs microtubules in vitro in an ATP-dependent manner. This activity may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays. (538 aa) |
| | PPP2R2B | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform; The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment. (513 aa) |
| | DYNLL2 | Dynein light chain. (133 aa) |
| | TUBA4A | Tubulin alpha 4a; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (618 aa) |
| | A0A5G2R693_PIG | Tubulin beta chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (517 aa) |
| | TUBAL3 | Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (446 aa) |
| | ARL3 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound form, and the rate of cycling is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) and GTPase- activating proteins (GAP). Required for normal cytokinesis and cilia signaling. Requires assistance from GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) like RP2 and PDE6D, in order to cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound forms. Required for targeting proteins to the cilium, including myristoylated NPHP3 and prenylated INPP5E. Targets NPHP3 to the ciliar [...] (306 aa) |
| | MAPT | Microtubule-associated protein. (673 aa) |
| | TPM3 | Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments; Belongs to the tropomyosin family. (303 aa) |
| | MYO7A | Unconventional myosin-VIIa; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails bind to membranous compartments, which are then moved relative to actin filaments. In the retina, plays an important role in the renewal of the outer photoreceptor disks. Plays an important role in the distribution and migration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) melanosomes and phagosomes, and in the regulation of opsin transport in retinal photoreceptors. In the inner ear, plays an important role in differenti [...] (2213 aa) |
| | INPPL1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2; Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2, thereby negatively regulating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathways. Plays a central role in regulation of PI3K-dependent insulin signaling, although the precise molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways remain unclear. While overexpression reduces both insulin-stimulated MAP kinase and Akt activation, its absence does not affect insulin signaling [...] (1265 aa) |
| | PPP2CA | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform; PP2A is the major phosphatase for microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). PP2A can modulate the activity of phosphorylase B kinase casein kinase 2, mitogen-stimulated S6 kinase, and MAP-2 kinase. Cooperates with SGO2 to protect centromeric cohesin from separase- mediated cleavage in oocytes specifically during meiosis I. Activates RAF1 by dephosphorylating it at 'Ser-259' (By similarity). (309 aa) |
| | TBCA | Tubulin-specific chaperone A; Belongs to the TBCA family. (108 aa) |
| | TUBB4A | Tubulin beta chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain (By similarity). Belongs to the tubulin family. (443 aa) |
| | CDC42EP2 | Cdc42 effector protein 2; Probably involved in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton; Belongs to the BORG/CEP family. (214 aa) |
| | TMSB15B | Thymosin beta; Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization. Belongs to the thymosin beta family. (45 aa) |
| | LOC100127131 | Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (474 aa) |
| | ACTA2 | Actin alpha 2, smooth muscle. (386 aa) |
| | VCL | Vinculin; Actin filament (F-actin)-binding protein involved in cell- matrix adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. Regulates cell-surface E- cadherin expression and potentiates mechanosensing by the E-cadherin complex. May also play important roles in cell morphology and locomotion; Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family. (1135 aa) |
| | DYNLL1 | Dynein light chain. (89 aa) |
| | ARPC3 | Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3; Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. (178 aa) |
| | TUBGCP3 | Gamma-tubulin complex component; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (910 aa) |
| | KATNAL1 | Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A-like 1; Catalytic subunit of a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation. Microtubule release from the mitotic spindle poles may allow depolymerization of the microtubule end proximal to the spindle pole, leading to poleward microtubule flux and poleward motion of chromosome. Microtubule release within the cell body of neurons may be required for their transport into neur [...] (490 aa) |
| | PRKCE | Protein kinase C epsilon type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays essential roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes linked to cytoskeletal proteins, such as cell adhesion, motility, migration and cell cycle, functions in neuron growth and ion channel regulation, and is involved in immune response, cancer cell invasion and regulation of apoptosis. Mediates cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrin- dependent signaling, by mediating angiotensin-2-induced activation of integrin beta- [...] (737 aa) |
| | TMSB10 | Thymosin beta-10; Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization (By similarity); Belongs to the thymosin beta family. (105 aa) |
| | HSPB1 | Heat shock protein beta-1; Small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone probably maintaining denatured proteins in a folding- competent state. Plays a role in stress resistance and actin organization. Through its molecular chaperone activity may regulate numerous biological processes including the phosphorylation and the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins. (365 aa) |
| | ARPC1A | Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit; Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. (370 aa) |
| | TUBB1 | Tubulin beta chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (449 aa) |
| | ARPC5L | Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5; Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development. (303 aa) |
| | ACTC1 | Actin, alpha skeletal muscle, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (377 aa) |
| | CDC20 | Cell division cycle protein 20 homolog; Required for full ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and may confer substrate specificity upon the complex. Is regulated by MAD2L1: in metaphase the MAD2L1-CDC20-APC/C ternary complex is inactive and in anaphase the CDC20-APC/C binary complex is active in degrading substrates. The CDC20-APC/C complex positively regulates the formation of synaptic vesicle clustering at active zone to the presynaptic membrane in postmitotic neurons. CDC20-APC/C-induced degradation of NEUROD2 induces presynaptic differentia [...] (499 aa) |
| | CAPZB | F-actin-capping protein subunit beta; F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization (By similarity). (342 aa) |
| | WDR62 | WD repeat-containing protein 62; Required for cerebral cortical development. Plays a role in neuronal proliferation and migration (By similarity). Plays a role in mother-centriole-dependent centriole duplication; the function seems also to involve CEP152, CDK5RAP2 and CEP63 through a stepwise assembled complex at the centrosome that recruits CDK2 required for centriole duplication (By similarity). (1541 aa) |
| | PTPN21 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class subfamily. (1177 aa) |
| | CFL2 | Cofilin-2; Controls reversibly actin polymerization and depolymerization in a pH-sensitive manner. It has the ability to bind G- and F-actin in a 1:1 ratio of cofilin to actin. It is the major component of intranuclear and cytoplasmic actin rods. Required for muscle maintenance. May play a role during the exchange of alpha-actin forms during the early postnatal remodeling of the sarcomere (By similarity). (166 aa) |
| | FES | Tyrosine-protein kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Fes/fps subfamily. (822 aa) |
| | TUBB | Tubulin beta chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (459 aa) |
