STRINGSTRING
ATG101 ATG101 RB1CC1 RB1CC1 ULK2 ULK2 ATG5 ATG5 ULK3 ULK3 GABARAPL2 GABARAPL2 ATG2A ATG2A ATG3 ATG3 ATG4C ATG4C ATG4D ATG4D ATG14 ATG14 MAP1LC3B MAP1LC3B WIPI2 WIPI2 MAP1LC3C MAP1LC3C ULK1 ULK1 GABARAP GABARAP ATG4B ATG4B DGAT2 DGAT2 ATG13 ATG13 ATG12 ATG12 ATG16L2 ATG16L2 ATG9A ATG9A PIK3R4 PIK3R4 ATG2B ATG2B ATG9B ATG9B ATG10 ATG10 NRBF2 NRBF2 AMBRA1 AMBRA1 BECN2 BECN2 PIK3C3 PIK3C3 MAP1LC3A MAP1LC3A SQSTM1 SQSTM1 ATG7 ATG7 BECN1 BECN1 NBR1 NBR1 GABARAPL1 GABARAPL1 ATG4A ATG4A MAP1A MAP1A WIPI1 WIPI1
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
ATG101Autophagy-related protein 101; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation. Stabilizes ATG13, protecting it from proteasomal degradation. (218 aa)
RB1CC1RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1. (1589 aa)
ULK2Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2. (569 aa)
ATG5Autophagy protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3- like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is ess [...] (275 aa)
ULK3Unc-51 like kinase 3; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (472 aa)
GABARAPL2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1 (By similarity). Involved in autophagy. Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved [...] (117 aa)
ATG2AUncharacterized protein. (1938 aa)
ATG3Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3; E2-like enzyme involved in autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Catalyzes the conjugation of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PE- conjugation to ATG8-like proteins is essential for autophagy. Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme, catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself, ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 playing a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1-E2 comple [...] (314 aa)
ATG4CCysteine protease; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy; Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. (458 aa)
ATG4DCysteine protease; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy; Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. (472 aa)
ATG14Autophagy related 14. (492 aa)
MAP1LC3BMicrotubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation. Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellit [...] (125 aa)
WIPI2WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2. (436 aa)
MAP1LC3CMicrotubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma. (148 aa)
ULK1Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1. (1034 aa)
GABARAPGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein; Ubiquitin-like modifier that plays a role in intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors and its interaction with the cytoskeleton. Involved in apoptosis. Involved in autophagy. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity); Belongs to the ATG8 family. (117 aa)
ATG4BCysteine protease ATG4B; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 and GABARAP, to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. Has also an activity of delipidating enzyme for the PE-conjugated forms (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. (393 aa)
DGAT2UV radiation resistance associated. (699 aa)
ATG13Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation. (480 aa)
ATG12Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12; Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also regulates negatively the innate antiviral immune response by blocking the type I IFN production pathway through direct [...] (140 aa)
ATG16L2Autophagy related 16 like 2. (616 aa)
ATG9AAutophagy-related protein 9A; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Cycles between a juxta-nuclear trans-Golgi network compartment and late endosomes. Nutrient starvation induces accumulation on autophagosomes. Starvation-dependent trafficking requires ULK1, ATG13 and SUPT20H (By similarity). (839 aa)
PIK3R4Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4. (1358 aa)
ATG2BAutophagy related 2B. (2078 aa)
ATG9BAutophagy-related protein 9; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Belongs to the ATG9 family. (924 aa)
ATG10Autophagy related 10. (234 aa)
NRBF2Nuclear receptor binding factor 2. (288 aa)
AMBRA1Autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1. (1268 aa)
BECN2Beclin 2. (439 aa)
PIK3C3Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3. (895 aa)
MAP1LC3AMicrotubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A. (130 aa)
SQSTM1Sequestosome 1. (523 aa)
ATG7Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria [...] (717 aa)
BECN1Beclin-1-C 35 kDa; Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex f [...] (471 aa)
NBR1NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor. (986 aa)
GABARAPL1Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1; Ubiquitin-like modifier that increases cell-surface expression of kappa-type opioid receptor through facilitating anterograde intracellular trafficking of the receptor. Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity); Belongs to the ATG8 family. (144 aa)
ATG4ACysteine protease ATG4A; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. Preferred substrate is GABARAPL2 followed by MAP1LC3A and GABARAP. Has also an activity of delipidating enzyme for the PE-conjugated forms (By similarity). (469 aa)
MAP1AMicrotubule associated protein 1A. (3122 aa)
WIPI1WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1. (504 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
Server load: low (20%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.