STRINGSTRING
SUFU SUFU RFX4 RFX4 EVC EVC TTC21B TTC21B PRRX1 PRRX1 ULK3 ULK3 GLI1 GLI1 RB1 RB1 IHH IHH SERPINE2 SERPINE2 GLIS2 GLIS2 DCDC2 DCDC2 TTC23 TTC23 NDST1 NDST1 INTU INTU SMO SMO FAM92A FAM92A UCHL5 UCHL5 HERC4 HERC4 TXNDC15 TXNDC15 GPR37L1 GPR37L1 VCP VCP TULP3 TULP3 HHIP HHIP RACK1 RACK1 GPC3 GPC3 SCUBE2 SCUBE2 KCTD6 KCTD6 GLI3 GLI3 SHH SHH SCUBE1 SCUBE1 STK36 STK36 SFRP1 SFRP1 PDCL PDCL SHOX2 SHOX2 SKOR2 SKOR2 IFT140 IFT140 MKS1 MKS1 PRKACB PRKACB GORAB GORAB GRK2 GRK2 MOSMO MOSMO FOXA1 FOXA1 FGF9 FGF9 PTCH1 PTCH1 ACTRT1 ACTRT1 TCTN1 TCTN1 IFT81 IFT81 FBXL17 FBXL17 DLG5 DLG5 MGRN1 MGRN1 RPGRIP1L RPGRIP1L PRKACA PRKACA CTNNA1 CTNNA1 GAS8 GAS8 FGF10 FGF10 MEGF8 MEGF8 RORA RORA GPR161 GPR161 RUNX2 RUNX2 ARMC9 ARMC9 KCTD21 KCTD21
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Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
SUFUSuppressor of fused homolog; Negative regulator in the hedgehog signaling pathway. Down- regulates GLI1-mediated transactivation of target genes. Part of a corepressor complex that acts on DNA-bound GLI1. May also act by linking GLI1 to BTRC and thereby targeting GLI1 to degradation by the proteasome. Sequesters GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3 in the cytoplasm, this effect is overcome by binding of STK36 to both SUFU and a GLI protein. Negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling. Regulates the formation of either the repressor form (GLI3R) or the activator form (GLI3A) of the full-length form of [...] (485 aa)
RFX4Regulatory factor X4. (641 aa)
EVCEvC ciliary complex subunit 1. (993 aa)
TTC21BTetratricopeptide repeat domain 21B. (1316 aa)
PRRX1Paired related homeobox 1. (245 aa)
ULK3Unc-51 like kinase 3; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (472 aa)
GLI1GLI family zinc finger 1. (1105 aa)
RB1RB transcriptional corepressor 1. (928 aa)
IHHHedgehog protein; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. (412 aa)
SERPINE2Serine protease inhibitor clade E member 2; Belongs to the serpin family. (397 aa)
GLIS2GLIS family zinc finger 2. (524 aa)
DCDC2Doublecortin domain containing 2. (475 aa)
TTC23Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 23; Partcipates positively in the ciliary Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. (446 aa)
NDST1N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 1. (882 aa)
INTUProtein inturned; Plays a key role in ciliogenesis and embryonic development. Regulator of cilia formation by controlling the organization of the apical actin cytoskeleton and the positioning of the basal bodies at the apical cell surface, which in turn is essential for the normal orientation of elongating ciliary microtubules. Plays a key role in definition of cell polarity via its role in ciliogenesis but not via conversion extension. Has an indirect effect on hedgehog signaling (By similarity). Proposed to function as core component of the CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity ef [...] (933 aa)
SMOSmoothened, frizzled class receptor; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. (780 aa)
FAM92AProtein FAM92A; Acts as a positive regulator of ciliary hedgehog signaling (By similarity). Probable regulator of ciliogenesis involved in limb morphogenesis. In cooperation with CBY1 it is involved in the recruitment and fusion of endosomal vesicles at distal appendages during early stages of ciliogenesis; Belongs to the FAM92 family. (288 aa)
UCHL5Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5; Protease that specifically cleaves 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Deubiquitinating enzyme associated with the 19S regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome. Putative regulatory component of the INO80 complex; however is inactive in the INO80 complex and is activated by a transient interaction of the INO80 complex with the proteasome via ADRM1 (By similarity). (328 aa)
HERC4HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 4. (1057 aa)
TXNDC15Thioredoxin domain containing 15. (403 aa)
GPR37L1G-protein coupled receptor 37-like 1; G-protein coupled receptor (By similarity). Has been shown to bind the neuroprotective and glioprotective factor prosaposin (PSAP), leading to endocytosis followed by an ERK phosphorylation cascade (By similarity). However, other studies have shown that prosaposin does not increase activity (By similarity). It has been suggested that GPR37L1 is a constitutively active receptor which signals through the guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha (By similarity). Participates in the regulation of postnatal cerebellar development by modulat [...] (613 aa)
VCPTransitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase; Necessary for the fragmentation of Golgi stacks during mitosis and for their reassembly after mitosis. Involved in the formation of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). The transfer of membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus occurs via 50-70 nm transition vesicles which derive from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Vesicle budding from the tER is an ATP-dependent process. The ternary complex containing UFD1, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is neces [...] (806 aa)
TULP3Tubby-like protein; Belongs to the TUB family. (478 aa)
HHIPHedgehog interacting protein. (700 aa)
RACK1Receptor of activated protein C kinase 1, N-terminally processed; Scaffolding protein involved in the recruitment, assembly and/or regulation of a variety of signaling molecules. Interacts with a wide variety of proteins and plays a role in many cellular processes. Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit involved in translational repression (By similarity). Involved in the initiation of the ribosome quality control (RQC), a pathway that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, by promoting ubiquitination of a subset of 40S ribosomal subunits (By similarity). Binds to [...] (317 aa)
GPC3Glypican 3; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Belongs to the glypican family. (580 aa)
SCUBE2Signal peptide, CUB domain and EGF like domain containing 2. (1027 aa)
KCTD6Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 6. (237 aa)
GLI3GLI family zinc finger 3. (1587 aa)
SHHHedgehog protein; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. (461 aa)
SCUBE1Signal peptide, CUB domain and EGF like domain containing 1. (1018 aa)
STK36Serine/threonine kinase 36. (1315 aa)
SFRP1Secreted frizzled-related protein 1; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP1 decreases intracellular beta-catenin levels (By similarity). Has antiproliferative effects on vascular cells, in vitro and in vivo, and can induce, in vivo, an angiogenic response. In vascular cell cycle, delays the G1 phase and entry into the S phase (By similarity). In kidney development, inhibits tubule formation and bud growth in metane [...] (308 aa)
PDCLPhosducin-like protein; Functions as a co-chaperone for CCT in the assembly of heterotrimeric G protein complexes, facilitates the assembly of both Gbeta-Ggamma and RGS-Gbeta5 heterodimers. Acts also as a positive regulator of hedgehog signaling and regulates ciliary function. (301 aa)
SHOX2Short stature homeobox 2. (353 aa)
SKOR2SKI family transcriptional corepressor 2. (1003 aa)
IFT140Intraflagellar transport 140. (1457 aa)
MKS1MKS transition zone complex subunit 1. (558 aa)
PRKACBcAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta; Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these [...] (397 aa)
GORABRAB6-interacting golgin; Belongs to the GORAB family. (395 aa)
GRK2Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1; Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors, probably inducing a desensitization of them. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling. Competes with RALA for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of the receptor. Desensitizes LPAR1 and LPAR2 in a phosphorylation- independent manner (By similarity). Positively regulates ciliary smoothened (SMO)-dependent Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by facilitating the trafficking of SMO into the cilium and the stimulation of SMO activity ; Belon [...] (689 aa)
MOSMOModulator of smoothened. (167 aa)
FOXA1Forkhead box A1. (468 aa)
FGF9Fibroblast growth factor; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (208 aa)
PTCH1SSD domain-containing protein. (1453 aa)
ACTRT1Actin related protein T1; Belongs to the actin family. (377 aa)
TCTN1Tectonic family member 1. (588 aa)
IFT81Intraflagellar transport 81. (698 aa)
FBXL17F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 17. (675 aa)
DLG5Discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 5; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (1946 aa)
MGRN1RING-type domain-containing protein. (585 aa)
RPGRIP1LRPGRIP1 like. (1270 aa)
PRKACAcAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose- mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the [...] (351 aa)
CTNNA1Catenin alpha-1; Associates with the cytoplasmic domain of a variety of cadherins. The association of catenins to cadherins produces a complex which is linked to the actin filament network, and which seems to be of primary importance for cadherins cell-adhesion properties. Can associate with both E- and N-cadherins. Originally believed to be a stable component of E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes and to mediate the linkage of cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions. In contrast, cortical actin was found to be much more dynamic than E-cadherin/catenin complexes and [...] (919 aa)
GAS8Dynein regulatory complex subunit 4; Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes. Plays an important role in the assembly of the N-DRC linker. Plays dual roles at both the primary (or non-motile) cilia to regulate hedgehog signaling and in motile cilia to coordinate cilia movement. Required for proper motile cilia functioning. Positively regulates ciliary smoothened (SMO)-dependent Hedgehog (Hh) signaling path [...] (625 aa)
FGF10Fibroblast growth factor; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (213 aa)
MEGF8Multiple EGF like domains 8. (2810 aa)
RORARAR related orphan receptor A. (527 aa)
GPR161G protein-coupled receptor 161; Key negative regulator of Shh signaling, which promotes the processing of GLI3 into GLI3R during neural tube development. Recruited by TULP3 and the IFT-A complex to primary cilia and acts as a regulator of the PKA-dependent basal repression machinery in Shh signaling by increasing cAMP levels, leading to promote the PKA-dependent processing of GLI3 into GLI3R and repress the Shh signaling. In presence of SHH, it is removed from primary cilia and is internalized into recycling endosomes, preventing its activity and allowing activation of the Shh signalin [...] (573 aa)
RUNX2Runt-related transcription factor; Forms the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with CBFB. RUNX members modulate the transcription of their target genes through recognizing the core consensus binding sequence 5'- TGTGGT-3', or very rarely, 5'-TGCGGT-3', within their regulatory regions via their runt domain, while CBFB is a non-DNA-binding regulatory subunit that allosterically enhances the sequence-specific DNA-binding capacity of RUNX. (518 aa)
ARMC9LisH domain-containing protein ARMC9; Acts as a positive regulator of hedgehog (Hh) signaling (By similarity). Involved in ciliogenesis (By similarity). May participate in the trafficking and/or retention of GLI2 and GLI3 proteins at the ciliary tip (By similarity). (818 aa)
KCTD21BTB domain-containing protein. (260 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
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