STRINGSTRING
GULO GULO AOX2 AOX2 ACOX3 ACOX3 PRODH PRODH MICAL3 MICAL3 CRY1 CRY1 AOX4 AOX4 PCYOX1 PCYOX1 MMACHC MMACHC CRY2 CRY2 ERO1B ERO1B ACOX2 ACOX2 SQLE SQLE LDHD LDHD AIFM1 AIFM1 MICAL1 MICAL1 MTRR MTRR SQOR SQOR TXNRD1 TXNRD1 CYB5R1 CYB5R1 DAO DAO DDO DDO ERO1A ERO1A MTHFR MTHFR ACOX1 ACOX1 DHCR24 DHCR24 AGPS AGPS STEAP4 STEAP4 QSOX1 QSOX1 CYB5R4 CYB5R4 COQ6 COQ6 D2HGDH D2HGDH KMO KMO XDH XDH CYB5R3 CYB5R3 CYB5R2 CYB5R2 ACOXL ACOXL AOX1 AOX1 NQO2 NQO2 MICAL2 MICAL2 PRODH2 PRODH2 KDM1B KDM1B NDOR1 NDOR1
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
GULOL-gulonolactone oxidase; Oxidizes L-gulono-1,4-lactone to hydrogen peroxide and L- xylo-hexulonolactone which spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate. (440 aa)
AOX2Aldehyde oxidase 3L1. (1342 aa)
ACOX3Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase; Belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family. (700 aa)
PRODHProline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. (600 aa)
MICAL3[F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL3; Monooxygenase that promotes depolymerization of F-actin by mediating oxidation of specific methionine residues on actin to form methionine-sulfoxide, resulting in actin filament disassembly and preventing repolymerization. In the absence of actin, it also functions as a NADPH oxidase producing H(2)O(2). Seems to act as Rab effector protein and play a role in vesicle trafficking. Involved in exocytic vesicles tethering and fusion: the monooxygenase activity is required for this process and implicates RAB8A associated with exocytotic vesicles. Required for [...] (2010 aa)
CRY1Cryptochrome circadian regulator 1. (587 aa)
AOX4Aldehyde oxidase 4. (1335 aa)
PCYOX1Prenylcysteine oxidase 1. (508 aa)
MMACHCMethylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C protein homolog; Catalyzes the reductive dealkylation of cyanocobalamin to cob(II)alamin, using FAD or FMN as cofactor and NADPH as cosubstrate. Can also catalyze the glutathione-dependent reductive demethylation of methylcobalamin, and, with much lower efficiency, the glutathione- dependent reductive demethylation of adenosylcobalamin. Under anaerobic conditions cob(I)alamin is the first product; it is highly reactive and is converted to aquocob(II)alamin in the presence of oxygen. Binds cyanocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalami [...] (280 aa)
CRY2Cryptochrome circadian regulator 2. (599 aa)
ERO1BEndoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 beta. (484 aa)
ACOX2Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase; Belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family. (682 aa)
SQLESqualene monooxygenase. (572 aa)
LDHDLactate dehydrogenase D. (509 aa)
AIFM1Apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1. (613 aa)
MICAL1[F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL1; Monooxygenase that promotes depolymerization of F-actin by mediating oxidation of specific methionine residues on actin to form methionine-sulfoxide, resulting in actin filament disassembly and preventing repolymerization. In the absence of actin, it also functions as a NADPH oxidase producing H(2)O(2). Acts as a cytoskeletal regulator that connects NEDD9 to intermediate filaments. Also acts as a negative regulator of apoptosis via its interaction with STK38 and STK38L; acts by antagonizing STK38 and STK38L activation by MST1/STK4. Involved in regulation [...] (1070 aa)
MTRRMethionine synthase reductase; Involved in the reductive regeneration of cob(I)alamin (vitamin B12) cofactor required for the maintenance of methionine synthase in a functional state. Necessary for utilization of methylgroups from the folate cycle, thereby affecting transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Folate pathway donates methyl groups necessary for cellular methylation and affects different pathways such as DNA methylation, possibly explaining the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance effects. (695 aa)
SQORPyr_redox_2 domain-containing protein. (450 aa)
TXNRD1Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic. (499 aa)
CYB5R1NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1; NADH-cytochrome b5 reductases are involved in desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and, in erythrocyte, methemoglobin reduction. Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family. (305 aa)
DAOD-amino acid oxidase. (347 aa)
DDOD-aspartate oxidase; Belongs to the DAMOX/DASOX family. (341 aa)
ERO1AERO1-like protein alpha; Oxidoreductase involved in disulfide bond formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Efficiently reoxidizes P4HB/PDI, the enzyme catalyzing protein disulfide formation, in order to allow P4HB to sustain additional rounds of disulfide formation. Following P4HB reoxidation, passes its electrons to molecular oxygen via FAD, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell. Required for the proper folding of immunoglobulins. Plays an important role in ER stress-induced, CHOP-dependent apoptosis by activating the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate recep [...] (469 aa)
MTHFRMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. (696 aa)
ACOX1Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1, A chain; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (660 aa)
DHCR2424-dehydrocholesterol reductase. (550 aa)
AGPSAlkylglycerone-phosphate synthase; Catalyzes the exchange of an acyl for a long-chain alkyl group and the formation of the ether bond in the biosynthesis of ether phospholipids; Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. (658 aa)
STEAP4STEAP4 metalloreductase. (470 aa)
QSOX1Sulfhydryl oxidase. (791 aa)
CYB5R4Cytochrome b5 reductase 4; NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. Plays a critical role in protecting pancreatic beta-cells against oxidant stress, possibly by protecting the cell from excess buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (By similarity); Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family. (520 aa)
COQ6Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxygenase COQ6, mitochondrial; FAD-dependent monooxygenase required for the C5-ring hydroxylation during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3-polyprenyl- 4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The electrons required for the hydroxylation reaction may be funneled indirectly from NADPH via a ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase system to COQ6. (485 aa)
D2HGDHD-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the oxidation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate to alpha- ketoglutarate. (544 aa)
KMOKynurenine 3-monooxygenase; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) to form 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (L-3OHKyn). Required for synthesis of quinolinic acid, a neurotoxic NMDA receptor antagonist and potential endogenous inhibitor of NMDA receptor signaling in axonal targeting, synaptogenesis and apoptosis during brain development. Quinolinic acid may also affect NMDA receptor signaling in pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, myocardial cells, and the gastrointestinal tract. (471 aa)
XDHXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase; Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. (1350 aa)
CYB5R3NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 membrane-bound form; Desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and, in erythrocyte, methemoglobin reduction; Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family. (358 aa)
CYB5R2Cytochrome b5 reductase 2. (418 aa)
ACOXLAcyl-coenzyme A oxidase; Belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family. (631 aa)
AOX1Aldehyde oxidase 1; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the [...] (1337 aa)
NQO2N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone reductase 2. (231 aa)
MICAL2[F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL2; Nuclear monooxygenase that promotes depolymerization of F- actin by mediating oxidation of specific methionine residues on actin to form methionine-sulfoxide, resulting in actin filament disassembly and preventing repolymerization (By similarity). In the absence of actin, it also functions as a NADPH oxidase producing H(2)O(2) (By similarity). Acts as a key regulator of the SRF signaling pathway elicited by nerve growth factor and serum: mediates oxidation and subsequent depolymerization of nuclear actin, leading to increase MKL1/MRTF-A presence in the n [...] (1865 aa)
PRODH2Hydroxyproline dehydrogenase; Dehydrogenase that converts trans-4-L-hydroxyproline to delta-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate (Hyp) using ubiquinone-10 as the terminal electron acceptor. Can also use proline as a substrate but with a very much lower efficiency. Does not react with other diastereomers of Hyp: trans-4-D-hydroxyproline and cis-4-L- hydroxyproline. Ubiquininone analogs such as menadione, duroquinone and ubiquinone-1 react more efficiently than oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor during catalysis. (491 aa)
KDM1BLysine demethylase 1B. (964 aa)
NDOR1NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase 1. (667 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
Server load: low (18%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.