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DHFR DHFR ALDH18A1 ALDH18A1 PCBD1 PCBD1 GOT1 GOT1 AASS AASS PSPH PSPH PSAT1 PSAT1 ENOPH1 ENOPH1 ILVBL ILVBL NAGS NAGS GOT1L1 GOT1L1 PYCR3 PYCR3 SHMT1 SHMT1 CAD CAD APIP APIP PLOD2 PLOD2 NOXRED1 NOXRED1 SHMT2 SHMT2 AASDHPPT AASDHPPT SDS SDS MTAP MTAP BHMT2 BHMT2 ASNSD1 ASNSD1 G3MZI2_BOVIN G3MZI2_BOVIN GGT1 GGT1 CTH CTH GLUL GLUL ENSBTAP00000058715 ENSBTAP00000058715 PCBD2 PCBD2 SEPHS1 SEPHS1 PYCR2 PYCR2 CTH-2 CTH-2 CBS CBS MTAP-2 MTAP-2 ENSBTAP00000064914 ENSBTAP00000064914 PAH PAH MTR MTR GLS-2 GLS-2 ASNS ASNS ASL ASL ENSBTAP00000073194 ENSBTAP00000073194 ASS1 ASS1 BCAT2 BCAT2 ENSBTAP00000071894 ENSBTAP00000071894 ENSBTAP00000071756 ENSBTAP00000071756 BCAT1 BCAT1 PYCR1 PYCR1 MTHFR MTHFR PLOD3 PLOD3 OTC OTC BHMT BHMT MRI1 MRI1 SRR SRR ADI1 ADI1 AGXT AGXT PHGDH PHGDH OAT OAT GOT2 GOT2 AGXT2 AGXT2 GLS GLS SDSL SDSL LOC507443 LOC507443 GLS2 GLS2 MTRR MTRR MTHFD1 MTHFD1
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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DHFRDihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. Binds its own mRNA and that of DHFR2 (By similarity). (187 aa)
ALDH18A1Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase family. (795 aa)
PCBD1Pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase; Involved in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. Seems to both prevent the formation of 7-pterins and accelerate the formation of quinonoid-BH2. Coactivator for HNF1A-dependent transcription. Regulates the dimerization of homeodomain protein HNF1A and enhances its transcriptional activity (By similarity); Belongs to the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family. (104 aa)
GOT1Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic; Biosynthesis of L-glutamate from L-aspartate or L-cysteine. Important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Acts as a scavenger of glutamate in brain neuroprotection. The aspartate aminotransferase activity is involved in hepatic glucose synthesis during development and in adipocyte glyceroneogenesis. Using L-cysteine as substrate, regulates levels of mercaptopyruvate, an important source of hydrogen sulfide. Mercaptopyruvate is converted into H(2)S via the action of 3-m [...] (413 aa)
AASSAlpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in lysine degradation. The N-terminal and the C-terminal contain lysine- oxoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity, respectively (By similarity). (926 aa)
PSPHPhosphoserine phosphatase; Catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of serine from carbohydrates. The reaction mechanism proceeds via the formation of a phosphoryl-enzyme intermediates (By similarity); Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. SerB family. (225 aa)
PSAT1Phosphoserine aminotransferase. (438 aa)
ENOPH1Enolase-phosphatase E1; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the enolization of 2,3- diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into the intermediate 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate (HK- MTPenyl-1-P), which is then dephosphorylated to form the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene). (261 aa)
ILVBLAcetolactate synthase-like protein. (639 aa)
NAGSN-acetylglutamate synthase. (534 aa)
GOT1L1Putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2. (407 aa)
PYCR3Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 3; Enzyme that catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis. Proline is synthesized from either glutamate or ornithine; both are converted to pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), and then to proline via pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases (PYCRs). PYCRL is exclusively linked to the conversion of ornithine to proline. (308 aa)
SHMT1Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic; Interconversion of serine and glycine. (484 aa)
CADCarbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase. (2225 aa)
APIPMethylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase; Catalyzes the dehydration of methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P) into 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P). Functions in the methionine salvage pathway, which plays a key role in cancer, apoptosis, microbial proliferation and inflammation. May inhibit the CASP1-related inflammatory response (pyroptosis), the CASP9-dependent apoptotic pathway and the cytochrome c-dependent and APAF1-mediated cell death; Belongs to the aldolase class II family. MtnB subfamily. (242 aa)
PLOD2Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2. (762 aa)
NOXRED1NADP dependent oxidoreductase domain containing 1. (357 aa)
SHMT2Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the cleavage of serine to glycine accompanied with the production of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, an essential intermediate for purine biosynthesis. Serine provides the major source of folate one-carbon in cells by catalyzing the transfer of one carbon from serine to tetrahydrofolate. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway via its role in glycine and tetrahydrofolate metabolism: thymidylate biosynthesis is required to prevent uracil accumulation in mtDNA. Also required for mitochondrial tran [...] (504 aa)
AASDHPPTACPS domain-containing protein. (517 aa)
SDSL-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase; Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family. (446 aa)
MTAPS-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase; Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of S-methyl-5'- thioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate. Involved in the breakdown of MTA, a major by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. Responsible for the first step in the methionine salvage pathway after MTA has been generated from S-adenosylmethionine. Has broad substrate specificity with 6-aminopurine nucleosides as preferred substrates. (283 aa)
BHMT2Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2; Involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism. (344 aa)
ASNSD1Asparagine synthetase domain-containing protein 1. (640 aa)
G3MZI2_BOVINACPS domain-containing protein. (243 aa)
GGT1Uncharacterized protein. (568 aa)
CTHCystathionine gamma-lyase. (417 aa)
GLULGlutamine synthetase; Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine (By similarity). Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development: acts by regulating [...] (373 aa)
ENSBTAP00000058715Uncharacterized protein. (124 aa)
PCBD2Pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 2. (164 aa)
SEPHS1Selenide, water dikinase 1; Synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP. Belongs to the selenophosphate synthase 1 family. Class II subfamily. (392 aa)
PYCR2Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2; Housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis. In some cell types, such as erythrocytes, its primary function may be the generation of NADP(+). Can utilize both NAD and NADP. Has higher affinity for NADP, but higher catalytic efficiency with NADH (By similarity). Involved in cellular response to oxidative stress (By similarity); Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family. (323 aa)
CTH-2Cystathionine gamma-lyase; Catalyzes the last step in the trans-sulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine. Has broad substrate specificity. Converts cystathionine to cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. Converts two cysteine molecules to lanthionine and hydrogen sulfide. Can also accept homocysteine as substrate. Specificity depends on the levels of the endogenous substrates. Generates the endogenous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and so contributes to the regulation of blood pressure. Acts as a cysteine-protein sulfhydrase by mediating sulfhydration of target protei [...] (523 aa)
CBSCystathionine beta-synthase; Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta- synthase family. (571 aa)
MTAP-2S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase; Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of S-methyl-5'- thioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate. Involved in the breakdown of MTA, a major by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. Responsible for the first step in the methionine salvage pathway after MTA has been generated from S-adenosylmethionine. Has broad substrate specificity with 6-aminopurine nucleosides as preferred substrates. (283 aa)
ENSBTAP00000064914Gln-synt_C domain-containing protein; Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. (372 aa)
PAHPhenylalanine-4-hydroxylase; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine. (451 aa)
MTRMethionine synthase; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methyl- cobalamin to homocysteine, yielding enzyme-bound cob(I)alamin and methionine. Subsequently, remethylates the cofactor using methyltetrahydrofolate (By similarity). (1265 aa)
GLS-2ANK_REP_REGION domain-containing protein. (93 aa)
ASNSAsparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. (561 aa)
ASLArgininosuccinate lyase; Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Argininosuccinate lyase subfamily. (503 aa)
ENSBTAP00000073194Uncharacterized protein. (371 aa)
ASS1Argininosuccinate synthase; One of the enzymes of the urea cycle, the metabolic pathway transforming neurotoxic amonia produced by protein catabolism into inocuous urea in the liver of ureotelic animals. Catalyzes the formation of arginosuccinate from aspartate, citrulline and ATP and together with ASL it is responsible for the biosynthesis of arginine in most body tissues; Belongs to the argininosuccinate synthase family. Type 1 subfamily. (426 aa)
BCAT2Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. May also function as a transporter of branched chain alpha-keto acids (By similarity). (406 aa)
ENSBTAP00000071894annotation not available (243 aa)
ENSBTAP00000071756Uncharacterized protein. (120 aa)
BCAT1Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase; Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (392 aa)
PYCR1Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial; Housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis. Can utilize both NAD and NADP, but has higher affinity for NAD. Involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family. (351 aa)
MTHFRMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. (696 aa)
PLOD3Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3. (751 aa)
OTCOrnithine carbamoyltransferase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. OTCase family. (354 aa)
BHMTBetaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1; Involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism. Converts betaine and homocysteine to dimethylglycine and methionine, respectively. This reaction is also required for the irreversible oxidation of choline (By similarity). (538 aa)
MRI1Methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase; Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P). Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily. (395 aa)
SRRSerine racemase; Catalyzes the synthesis of D-serine from L-serine. D-serine is a key coagonist with glutamate at NMDA receptors. Has dehydratase activity towards both L-serine and D-serine (By similarity). (334 aa)
ADI11,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase; Catalyzes the formation of formate and 2-keto-4- methylthiobutyrate (KMTB) from 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene). Also down-regulates cell migration mediated by MMP14. Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family. (241 aa)
AGXTSerine--pyruvate aminotransferase. (414 aa)
PHGDHD-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of 3-phospho-D-glycerate to 3-phosphonooxypyruvate, the first step of the phosphorylated L- serine biosynthesis pathway. Also catalyzes the reversible oxidation of 2-hydroxyglutarate to 2-oxoglutarate and the reversible oxidation of (S)-malate to oxaloacetate; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. (533 aa)
OATOrnithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial. (439 aa)
GOT2Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism. Important for metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol. Facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain free fatty acids (By similarity). (430 aa)
AGXT2Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial; Can metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via transamination to alpha-keto-delta-(NN-dimethylguanidino) valeric acid (DMGV). ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, and this activity provides mechanism through which the kidney regulates blood pressure (By similarity); Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (514 aa)
GLSGlutaminase. (603 aa)
SDSLSerine dehydratase like. (329 aa)
LOC507443Beta_elim_lyase domain-containing protein. (392 aa)
GLS2Glutaminase 2. (602 aa)
MTRRMethionine synthase reductase; Involved in the reductive regeneration of cob(I)alamin (vitamin B12) cofactor required for the maintenance of methionine synthase in a functional state. Necessary for utilization of methylgroups from the folate cycle, thereby affecting transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Folate pathway donates methyl groups necessary for cellular methylation and affects different pathways such as DNA methylation, possibly explaining the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance effects. (695 aa)
MTHFD1Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1. (935 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
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