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BDNF BDNF NRTN NRTN BMP10 BMP10 GDF10 GDF10 IL17A IL17A LOC100336971 LOC100336971 BMP4 BMP4 GDF5 GDF5 GDF2 GDF2 BMP2 BMP2 GDNF GDNF SOSTDC1 SOSTDC1 TSHB TSHB INHBE INHBE IL25 IL25 GPHA2 GPHA2 GDF11 GDF11 VEGFD VEGFD GDF9 GDF9 INHA INHA FSHB FSHB MSTN MSTN TGFB3 TGFB3 NDP NDP BMP5 BMP5 NODAL NODAL VEGFB VEGFB VEGFC VEGFC AMH AMH GDF15 GDF15 IL17F IL17F BMP3 BMP3 ARTN ARTN BMP8A BMP8A INHBC INHBC BMP6 BMP6 CER1 CER1 GDF1 GDF1 PSPN PSPN GDF3 GDF3 IL17D IL17D NTF3 NTF3 GDF6 GDF6 PDGFD PDGFD LHB LHB LEFTY2 LEFTY2 F1MKJ7_BOVIN F1MKJ7_BOVIN GDF7 GDF7 BMP7 BMP7 PDGFC PDGFC BMP8B BMP8B NTF4 NTF4 VEGFA VEGFA BMP15 BMP15 PDGFB PDGFB NOG NOG INHBA INHBA INHBB INHBB NGF NGF GREM1 GREM1 PDGFA PDGFA TGFB2 TGFB2 TGFB1 TGFB1 CGA CGA SOST SOST IL17B IL17B GPHB5 GPHB5 LOC535280 LOC535280 ENSBTAP00000073614 ENSBTAP00000073614 PGF PGF
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Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
BDNFBrain-derived neurotrophic factor; Important signaling molecule that activates signaling cascades downstream of NTRK2 (By similarity). During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including lo [...] (250 aa)
NRTNNeurturin. (197 aa)
BMP10Bone morphogenetic protein 10. (424 aa)
GDF10Growth/differentiation factor 10; Growth factor involved in osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Plays an inhibitory role in the process of osteoblast differentiation via SMAD2/3 pathway. Plays an inhibitory role in the process of adipogenesis. (478 aa)
IL17AInterleukin-17A; Ligand for IL17RA and IL17RC. The heterodimer formed by IL17A and IL17F is a ligand for the heterodimeric complex formed by IL17RA and IL17RC. Involved in inducing stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines. (153 aa)
LOC100336971Left-right determination factor. (367 aa)
BMP4Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction (By similarity). (409 aa)
GDF5Growth differentiation factor 5. (499 aa)
GDF2Growth differentiation factor 2. (431 aa)
BMP2Bone morphogenetic protein 2. (395 aa)
GDNFGlial cell derived neurotrophic factor. (211 aa)
SOSTDC1Sclerostin domain containing 1. (206 aa)
TSHBThyrotropin subunit beta; Indispensable for the control of thyroid structure and metabolism. (138 aa)
INHBEInhibin subunit beta E. (348 aa)
IL25Interleukin 25. (194 aa)
GPHA2Glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2. (129 aa)
GDF11Growth differentiation factor 11. (406 aa)
VEGFDVascular endothelial growth factor D; Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. (354 aa)
GDF9Growth/differentiation factor 9; Required for ovarian folliculogenesis. (453 aa)
INHAInhibin alpha chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (360 aa)
FSHBFollitropin subunit beta; Together with the alpha chain CGA constitutes follitropin, the follicle-stimulating hormone, and provides its biological specificity to the hormone heterodimer. Binds FSHR, a G protein-coupled receptor, on target cells to activate downstream signaling pathways. Follitropin is involved in follicle development and spermatogenesis in reproductive organs. (129 aa)
MSTNGrowth/differentiation factor 8; Acts specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. (375 aa)
TGFB3Transforming growth factor beta; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (452 aa)
NDPNorrin; Activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway through FZD4 and LRP5 coreceptor. Plays a central role in retinal vascularization by acting as a ligand for FZD4 that signals via stabilizing beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and activating LEF/TCF-mediated transcriptional programs. Acts in concert with TSPAN12 to activate FZD4 independently of the Wnt- dependent activation of FZD4, suggesting the existence of a Wnt- independent signaling that also promote accumulation the beta-catenin (CTNNB1). May be involved in a pathway that regulates neural cell differentiation and proliferation. Possible [...] (133 aa)
BMP5Bone morphogenetic protein 5. (454 aa)
NODALNodal growth differentiation factor. (346 aa)
VEGFBVascular endothelial growth factor B; Growth factor for endothelial cells. VEGF-B167 binds heparin and neuropilin-1 whereas the binding to neuropilin-1 of VEGF-B186 is regulated by proteolysis (By similarity). (207 aa)
VEGFCVascular endothelial growth factor C; Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. (420 aa)
AMHMuellerian-inhibiting factor; This glycoprotein, produced by the Sertoli cells of the testis, causes regression of the Muellerian duct. It is also able to inhibit the growth of tumors derived from tissues of Muellerian duct origin; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (575 aa)
GDF15Growth differentiation factor 15. (308 aa)
IL17FInterleukin 17F. (170 aa)
BMP3Bone morphogenetic protein 3; Induces cartilage and bone formation. (475 aa)
ARTNArtemin. (230 aa)
BMP8ATGF_BETA_2 domain-containing protein. (405 aa)
INHBCInhibin subunit beta C. (352 aa)
BMP6Bone morphogenetic protein 6. (496 aa)
CER1Cerberus 1, DAN family BMP antagonist. (273 aa)
GDF1Growth differentiation factor 1. (369 aa)
PSPNPersephin. (153 aa)
GDF3TGF_BETA_2 domain-containing protein. (364 aa)
IL17DInterleukin 17D. (197 aa)
NTF3Neurotrophin-3; Seems to promote the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons; Belongs to the NGF-beta family. (253 aa)
GDF6Growth/differentiation factor 6; Growth factor that controls proliferation and cellular differentiation in the retina and bone formation. Plays a key role in regulating apoptosis during retinal development. Establishes dorsal- ventral positional information in the retina and controls the formation of the retinotectal map. Required for normal formation of bones and joints in the limbs, skull, digits and axial skeleton. Plays a key role in establishing boundaries between skeletal elements during development. Regulation of GDF6 expression seems to be a mechanism for evolving species-speci [...] (470 aa)
PDGFDPlatelet derived growth factor D; Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. (364 aa)
LHBLutropin subunit beta; Promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids. (141 aa)
LEFTY2Left-right determination factor. (367 aa)
F1MKJ7_BOVINTGF_BETA_2 domain-containing protein. (364 aa)
GDF7Growth differentiation factor 7. (450 aa)
BMP7Bone morphogenetic protein 7. (431 aa)
PDGFCPlatelet derived growth factor C; Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. (397 aa)
BMP8BTGF_BETA_2 domain-containing protein. (405 aa)
NTF4Neurotrophin 4; Belongs to the NGF-beta family. (210 aa)
VEGFAVascular endothelial growth factor A; Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin (By similarity). Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By s [...] (214 aa)
BMP15Bone morphogenetic protein 15; May be involved in follicular development. Seems to be an oocyte-specific growth/differentiation factor that stimulates folliculogenesis and granulosa cell (GC) growth (By similarity). (394 aa)
PDGFBPlatelet derived growth factor subunit B; Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. (241 aa)
NOGNoggin; Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling which is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite. (232 aa)
INHBAInhibin beta A chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins. (425 aa)
INHBBInhibin beta B chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins. (408 aa)
NGFBeta-nerve growth factor; Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. Extracellular ligand for the NTRK1 and NGFR receptors, activates cellular signaling cascades to regulate neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival (By similarity). The immature NGF precursor (proNGF) functions as ligand for the heterodimeric receptor formed by SORCS2 and NGFR, and activates cellular signaling cascades that lead to inactivation of RAC1 and/or RAC2, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal growth cone colla [...] (327 aa)
GREM1CTCK domain-containing protein. (240 aa)
PDGFAPlatelet-derived growth factor subunit A; Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal lung alveolar septum formation during embryogenesis, normal development of the gastrointestinal tract, normal development of Leydig cells and spermatogenesis. Required for normal oligodendrocyte development and normal myelination in the spinal cord and cerebellum. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by t [...] (313 aa)
TGFB2Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transfor [...] (442 aa)
TGFB1Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity). Activation into mature form fo [...] (499 aa)
CGAGlycoprotein hormones alpha chain; Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH, lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH and follitropin/follicle stimulating hormone/FSH. These hormones bind specific receptors on target cells that in turn activate downstream signaling pathways. (120 aa)
SOSTSclerostin; Negative regulator of bone growth that acts through inhibition of Wnt signaling and bone formation. (292 aa)
IL17BInterleukin 17B. (214 aa)
GPHB5Glycoprotein hormone subunit beta 5. (130 aa)
LOC535280CTCK domain-containing protein. (519 aa)
ENSBTAP00000073614Uncharacterized protein. (82 aa)
PGFPlacenta growth factor; Growth factor active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to the receptor FLT1/VEGFR-1. Also promotes cell tumor growth (By similarity). (170 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
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