STRINGSTRING
RASGRP2 RASGRP2 NRL NRL CKS2 CKS2 IRF4 IRF4 PRDX1 PRDX1 KCNH4 KCNH4 RUNX1 RUNX1 PTPRCAP PTPRCAP TOX TOX ZNF169 ZNF169 TMSB10 TMSB10 CYCS CYCS NDUFA1 NDUFA1 CD274 CD274 TYMS TYMS GADL1 GADL1 P2RX1 P2RX1 GGH GGH DHFR DHFR CSAD CSAD ELF3 ELF3 BRCA1 BRCA1 GPC2 GPC2 SRC SRC MTRR MTRR CD70 CD70 SERPINA10 SERPINA10 ERBB3 ERBB3 CLCN2 CLCN2 IFNG IFNG ULK1 ULK1 SLC25A29 SLC25A29 LGALS1 LGALS1 SHMT1 SHMT1 NDUFA11 NDUFA11 TRIM66 TRIM66 STAT3 STAT3 CYCT CYCT TNF TNF CD4 CD4 DHDH DHDH CDKN2A CDKN2A LOC100847700 LOC100847700 CD79B CD79B DST DST FOXD2 FOXD2 FABP5 FABP5 IDO1 IDO1 PRPF40B PRPF40B HOXB9 HOXB9 SLC25A5 SLC25A5 MYLK MYLK TOP3B TOP3B FTH1 FTH1 LOC618409 LOC618409 IMPA2 IMPA2 CYBA CYBA DCC DCC MYH11 MYH11 KMT2D KMT2D MTR MTR COX5B COX5B MTHFR MTHFR ST3GAL4 ST3GAL4 MIF MIF DST-2 DST-2 PRKCD PRKCD
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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RASGRP2RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2; Functions as a calcium- and DAG-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Rap through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. May also activates other GTPases such as RRAS, RRAS2, NRAS, KRAS but not HRAS. Functions in aggregation of platelets and adhesion of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils probably through inside-out integrin activation. May function in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1/CHRM1 signaling pathway. (610 aa)
NRLNeural retina leucine zipper. (262 aa)
CKS2Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2; Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function; Belongs to the CKS family. (79 aa)
IRF4Interferon regulatory factor 4. (451 aa)
PRDX1Peroxiredoxin-1; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. Might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H(2)O(2) (By similarity). Reduces an intramolecular disulfide bond in GDPD5 that gates the ability to GDPD5 to drive postmitotic motor neuron diffe [...] (199 aa)
KCNH4Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 4. (1014 aa)
RUNX1Runt-related transcription factor; Forms the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with CBFB. RUNX members modulate the transcription of their target genes through recognizing the core consensus binding sequence 5'- TGTGGT-3', or very rarely, 5'-TGCGGT-3', within their regulatory regions via their runt domain, while CBFB is a non-DNA-binding regulatory subunit that allosterically enhances the sequence-specific DNA-binding capacity of RUNX. (480 aa)
PTPRCAPProtein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C-associated protein. (202 aa)
TOXThymocyte selection associated high mobility group box. (527 aa)
ZNF169Zinc finger protein 169. (490 aa)
TMSB10Thymosin beta-10; Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization (By similarity). (42 aa)
CYCSCytochrome c; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. (105 aa)
NDUFA1NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1; Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. (70 aa)
CD274Programmed cell death-ligand 1. (289 aa)
TYMSThymidylate synthase; Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. (354 aa)
GADL1Acidic amino acid decarboxylase GADL1; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-aspartate, 3-sulfino-L- alanine (cysteine sulfinic acid), and L-cysteate to beta-alanine, hypotaurine and taurine, respectively. The preferred substrate is L- aspartate. Does not exhibit any decarboxylation activity toward glutamate. (521 aa)
P2RX1P2X purinoceptor; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. (399 aa)
GGHGamma-glutamyl hydrolase; Hydrolyzes the polyglutamate sidechains of pteroylpolyglutamates. Progressively removes gamma-glutamyl residues from pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamate to yield pteroyl-alpha-glutamate (folic acid) and free glutamate. May play an important role in the bioavailability of dietary pteroylpolyglutamates and in the metabolism of pteroylpolyglutamates and antifolates. Exhibits either endo- or exopeptidase activity depending upon the tissue of origin. When secreted, it acts primarily as an endopeptidase (By similarity). (318 aa)
DHFRDihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. Binds its own mRNA and that of DHFR2 (By similarity). (187 aa)
CSADCysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase. (493 aa)
ELF3E74 like ETS transcription factor 3. (372 aa)
BRCA1Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular responses to DNA damage. It is unclear whether it also mediates the formation of other types of polyubiquitin chains. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is required for its tumor suppressor function. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain [...] (1849 aa)
GPC2Glypican 2; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Belongs to the glypican family. (578 aa)
SRCTyrosine-protein kinase. (688 aa)
MTRRMethionine synthase reductase; Involved in the reductive regeneration of cob(I)alamin (vitamin B12) cofactor required for the maintenance of methionine synthase in a functional state. Necessary for utilization of methylgroups from the folate cycle, thereby affecting transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Folate pathway donates methyl groups necessary for cellular methylation and affects different pathways such as DNA methylation, possibly explaining the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance effects. (695 aa)
CD70Tumor necrosis factor ligand 8A; Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. (258 aa)
SERPINA10Serpin family A member 10; Belongs to the serpin family. (452 aa)
ERBB3Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3. (1336 aa)
CLCN2Chloride channel protein. (903 aa)
IFNGInterferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons; Belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family. (166 aa)
ULK1Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1. (1034 aa)
SLC25A29Mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter; Transports arginine, lysine, homoarginine, methylarginine and, to a much lesser extent, ornithine and histidine. Can restore ornithine transport in cells lacking the primary mitochondrial ornithine transporter SLC25A15. Does not transport carnitine nor acylcarnitines. Functions by both counter-exchange and uniport mechanisms; Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (298 aa)
LGALS1Galectin-1; Lectin that binds beta-galactoside and a wide array of complex carbohydrates. Plays a role in regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Inhibits CD45 protein phosphatase activity and therefore the dephosphorylation of Lyn kinase. Strong inducer of T-cell apoptosis. (135 aa)
SHMT1Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic; Interconversion of serine and glycine. (484 aa)
NDUFA11NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11; Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. (141 aa)
TRIM66Tripartite motif containing 66. (1246 aa)
STAT3Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interleukins, KITLG/SCF, LEP and other growth factors. Once activated, recruits coactivators, such as NCOA1 or MED1, to the promoter region of the target gene. May mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Binds to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-responsive elements identified in the promoters of various acute-phase protein genes. Activated by IL31 through IL31RA (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of inflammatory response by regul [...] (770 aa)
CYCTCytochrome c 2; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (By similarity). (105 aa)
TNFTumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (333 aa)
CD4CD4 molecule. (446 aa)
DHDHTrans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase. (335 aa)
CDKN2AUncharacterized protein. (153 aa)
LOC100847700Cytochrome c. (105 aa)
CD79BCD79b molecule. (229 aa)
DSTDystonin. (3697 aa)
FOXD2Forkhead box D2. (486 aa)
FABP5Fatty acid-binding protein 5; Intracellular carrier for long-chain fatty acids and related active lipids, such as the endocannabinoid, that regulates the metabolism and actions of the ligands they bind. In addition to the cytosolic transport, selectively delivers specific fatty acids from the cytosol to the nucleus, wherein they activate nuclear receptors (By similarity). Delivers retinoic acid to the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; which promotes proliferation and survival. May also serve as a synaptic carrier of endocannabinoid at central synapses a [...] (135 aa)
IDO1Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. (454 aa)
PRPF40BPre-mRNA processing factor 40 homolog B. (959 aa)
HOXB9Homeobox protein; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Belongs to the Abd-B homeobox family. (250 aa)
SLC25A5ADP/ATP translocase 2, N-terminally processed; Catalyzes the exchange of cytoplasmic ADP with mitochondrial ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane. As part of the mitotic spindle-associated MMXD complex it may play a role in chromosome segregation (By similarity). (299 aa)
MYLKMyosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle, deglutamylated form; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase implicated in smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 and myosin light-chains. Involved in the inflammatory response (e.g. apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis), cell motility and morphology, airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. Required for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction that is necessa [...] (1176 aa)
TOP3BDNA topoisomerase; Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. Belongs to the type IA topoisomerase family. (861 aa)
FTH1Ferritin; Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation. (213 aa)
LOC618409IRF tryptophan pentad repeat domain-containing protein. (494 aa)
IMPA2Inositol monophosphatase 2. (411 aa)
CYBACytochrome b-245 light chain; Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. Associates with NOX3 to form a functional NADPH oxidase constitutively generating superoxide; Belongs to the p22phox family. (191 aa)
DCCDCC netrin 1 receptor. (1394 aa)
MYH11Myosin heavy chain 11; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1972 aa)
KMT2DLysine methyltransferase 2D. (5682 aa)
MTRMethionine synthase; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methyl- cobalamin to homocysteine, yielding enzyme-bound cob(I)alamin and methionine. Subsequently, remethylates the cofactor using methyltetrahydrofolate (By similarity). (1265 aa)
COX5BCytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial; Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane [...] (129 aa)
MTHFRMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. (696 aa)
ST3GAL4ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family. (395 aa)
MIFMacrophage migration inhibitory factor; Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity (By simi [...] (228 aa)
DST-2Uncharacterized protein. (3017 aa)
PRKCDProtein kinase C delta type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays contrasting roles in cell death and cell survival by functioning as a pro-apoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, but acting as an anti- apoptotic protein during cytokine receptor-initiated cell death, is involved in tumor suppression; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily. (681 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
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