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HIBADH HIBADH HADH HADH ACAT2 ACAT2 HMGCS2 HMGCS2 ABAT ABAT IVD IVD AACS AACS IL4I1 IL4I1 DBT DBT MCCC1 MCCC1 AGXT2 AGXT2 ALDH2 ALDH2 HMGCS1 HMGCS1 BCKDHB BCKDHB LOC782545 LOC782545 ACAT1 ACAT1 ACAD8 ACAD8 HMGCLL1 HMGCLL1 PCCB PCCB BCKDHA BCKDHA HSD17B10 HSD17B10 ACADSB ACADSB ACAA1 ACAA1 ALDH1B1 ALDH1B1 HMGCL HMGCL ACADM ACADM DLD DLD ALDH9A1 ALDH9A1 AOX2 AOX2 MCEE MCEE AOX4 AOX4 ALDH7A1 ALDH7A1 EHHADH EHHADH ALDH6A1 ALDH6A1 MMUT MMUT OXCT1 OXCT1 ALDH3A2 ALDH3A2 AOX1 AOX1 ACSF3 ACSF3 HIBCH HIBCH MCCC2 MCCC2 PCCA PCCA HADHB HADHB BCAT1 BCAT1 BCAT2 BCAT2
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
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HIBADH3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase subfamily. (336 aa)
HADHHydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. (314 aa)
ACAT2Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (397 aa)
HMGCS2Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial; This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. HMG-CoA synthase family. (508 aa)
ABAT4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta- aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine (By similarity); Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (500 aa)
IVDIsovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial. (467 aa)
AACSAcetoacetyl-CoA synthetase. (672 aa)
IL4I1Interleukin 4 induced 1. (578 aa)
DBT2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoyl transacylase); The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Within this complex, the catalytic function of this enzyme is to accept, and to transfer to coenzyme A, acyl groups that are generated by the branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase component. (482 aa)
MCCC1Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 1. (749 aa)
AGXT2Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial; Can metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via transamination to alpha-keto-delta-(NN-dimethylguanidino) valeric acid (DMGV). ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, and this activity provides mechanism through which the kidney regulates blood pressure (By similarity); Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (514 aa)
ALDH2Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (520 aa)
HMGCS13-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase; This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase. (571 aa)
BCKDHB2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). (392 aa)
LOC782545Amino_oxidase domain-containing protein. (451 aa)
ACAT1Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial; This is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Using free coenzyme A/CoA, catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of medium- to long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoAs into acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms. The activity of the enzyme is reversible and it can also catalyze the condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules into acetoacetyl-CoA. Thereby, it plays a major role in ketone body metabolism. Belongs to the thiolase-l [...] (422 aa)
ACAD8Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase which catalyzes one of the steps of the valine catabolic pathway. To a lesser extent, is also able to catalyze the oxidation of (2S)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA. (416 aa)
HMGCLL13-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase like 1. (340 aa)
PCCBPropionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial; This is one of the 2 subunits of the biotin-dependent propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the catabolism of odd chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, threonine, methionine, and valine and other metabolites. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of propionyl- CoA/propanoyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA/(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA (By similarity). Within the holoenzyme, the alpha subunit catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carr [...] (540 aa)
BCKDHA2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). (455 aa)
HSD17B103-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2; Mitochondrial dehydrogenase that catalyzes the beta-oxidation at position 17 of androgens and estrogens and has 3-alpha- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity with androsterone. Catalyzes the third step in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Carries out oxidative conversions of 7-alpha-OH and 7-beta-OH bile acids. Also exhibits 20- beta-OH and 21-OH dehydrogenase activities with C21 steroids. By interacting with intracellular amyloid-beta, it may contribute to the neuronal dysfunction associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). Essential for structura [...] (261 aa)
ACADSBShort/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Has greatest activity toward short branched chain acyl-CoA derivative such as (s)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA, and 2- methylhexanoyl-CoA as well as toward short straight chain acyl-CoAs such as butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA. Can use valproyl-CoA as substrate and may play a role in controlling the metabolic flux of valproic acid in the development of toxicity of this agent (By similarity). (432 aa)
ACAA1Mitochondrial acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (424 aa)
ALDH1B1Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial; ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol- derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. In the cornea, this enzyme may help in the absorption of the damaging UV-B, as well as in the detoxification of the UV-induced peroxidic aldehydes. (514 aa)
HMGCLHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis. Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta- hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism. (325 aa)
ACADMMedium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase specific for acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16 that catalyzes the initial step of fatty acid beta-oxidation. Utilizes the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) as an electron acceptor to transfer electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase). (421 aa)
DLDDihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. (509 aa)
ALDH9A14-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase; Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma- butyrobetaine with high efficiency (in vitro). Can catalyze the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction, but with low efficiency. (520 aa)
AOX2Aldehyde oxidase 3L1. (1342 aa)
MCEEMethylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase family. (179 aa)
AOX4Aldehyde oxidase 4. (1335 aa)
ALDH7A1Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by metabolizing a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. Involved in lysine catabolism (By similarity); Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (539 aa)
EHHADHEnoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase. (723 aa)
ALDH6A1Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial; Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA. (537 aa)
MMUTMethylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial; Involved in the degradation of several amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids and cholesterol via propionyl-CoA to the tricarboxylic acid cycle; Belongs to the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase family. (750 aa)
OXCT1Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase; Key enzyme for ketone body catabolism. Transfers the CoA moiety from succinate to acetoacetate. Formation of the enzyme-CoA intermediate proceeds via an unstable anhydride species formed between the carboxylate groups of the enzyme and substrate. (523 aa)
ALDH3A2Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (549 aa)
AOX1Aldehyde oxidase 1; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the [...] (1337 aa)
ACSF3Malonate--CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the initial reaction in intramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, by activating malonate and methylmalonate, but not acetate, into their respective CoA thioester. May have some preference toward very-long-chain substrates; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (630 aa)
HIBCH3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, mitochondrial; Hydrolyzes 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIBYL-CoA), a saline catabolite. Has high activity toward isobutyryl-CoA. Could be an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that functions in valine catabolism. Also hydrolyzes 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA (By similarity); Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (389 aa)
MCCC2Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2. (567 aa)
PCCAPropionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha. (752 aa)
HADHBTrifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme catalyzes the last three of the four reactions of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway. The mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway is the major energy-producing process in tissues and is performed through four consecutive reactions breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Among the enzymes involved in this pathway, the trifunctional enzyme exhibits specificity for long-chain fatty acids. Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme is a heterotetrameric complex composed of two proteins, the trifunctional enz [...] (486 aa)
BCAT1Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase; Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (392 aa)
BCAT2Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. May also function as a transporter of branched chain alpha-keto acids (By similarity). (406 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
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