STRINGSTRING
BMPR1A BMPR1A PPP2CA PPP2CA LOC100336971 LOC100336971 SP1 SP1 BAMBI BAMBI FST FST DCN DCN BMP4 BMP4 CREBBP CREBBP RHOA RHOA GDF5 GDF5 NEO1 NEO1 BMP2 BMP2 INHBE INHBE SMAD4 SMAD4 MYC MYC PITX2 PITX2 RPS6KB2 RPS6KB2 PPP2CB PPP2CB MAPK1 MAPK1 RBL1 RBL1 RGMB RGMB ACVR1 ACVR1 TGFB3 TGFB3 E2F4 E2F4 IFNG IFNG SMAD3 SMAD3 BMP5 BMP5 NODAL NODAL SMAD2 SMAD2 ID3 ID3 FMOD FMOD AMH AMH MAPK3 MAPK3 ID1 ID1 EP300 EP300 RPS6KB1 RPS6KB1 HAMP HAMP BMP8A BMP8A TGFBR1 TGFBR1 ACVR2A ACVR2A AMHR2 AMHR2 RGMA RGMA INHBC INHBC BMP6 BMP6 ACVR1C ACVR1C LTBP1 LTBP1 PPP2R1A PPP2R1A PPP2R1B PPP2R1B ID2 ID2 ZFYVE16 ZFYVE16 HJV HJV SKP1 SKP1 TNF TNF TGIF1 TGIF1 CHRD CHRD GDF6 GDF6 ACVR1B ACVR1B SMAD7 SMAD7 LEFTY2 LEFTY2 GDF7 GDF7 BMP7 BMP7 ROCK1 ROCK1 BMP8B BMP8B ZFYVE9 ZFYVE9 TGFBR2 TGFBR2 NOG NOG INHBA INHBA INHBB INHBB BMPR2 BMPR2 SMURF2 SMURF2 E2F5-2 E2F5-2 BMPR1B BMPR1B LOC780968 LOC780968 GREM1 GREM1 CUL1 CUL1 FBN1 FBN1 TGFB1 TGFB1 SMAD5 SMAD5 CDKN2B CDKN2B TFDP1 TFDP1 LOC535280 LOC535280 ID4 ID4 ACVR2B ACVR2B TGIF2 TGIF2 THBS1 THBS1 SMAD1 SMAD1
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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BMPR1AReceptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (532 aa)
PPP2CASerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform; PP2A is the major phosphatase for microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). PP2A can modulate the activity of phosphorylase B kinase casein kinase 2, mitogen-stimulated S6 kinase, and MAP-2 kinase. Cooperates with SGO2 to protect centromeric cohesin from separase- mediated cleavage in oocytes specifically during meiosis I. Activates RAF1 by dephosphorylating it at 'Ser-259' (By similarity). Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily. (309 aa)
LOC100336971Left-right determination factor. (367 aa)
SP1Sp1 transcription factor. (786 aa)
BAMBIBMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog; Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling. Belongs to the BAMBI family. (260 aa)
FSTFollistatin; Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). (344 aa)
DCNDecorin; May affect the rate of fibrils formation; Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class I subfamily. (360 aa)
BMP4Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction (By similarity). (409 aa)
CREBBPCREB binding protein. (2435 aa)
RHOATransforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa)
GDF5Growth differentiation factor 5. (499 aa)
NEO1Neogenin 1. (1464 aa)
BMP2Bone morphogenetic protein 2. (395 aa)
INHBEInhibin subunit beta E. (348 aa)
SMAD4Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for synergistic transcriptional activity in r [...] (553 aa)
MYCMyc proto-oncogene protein; Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Activates the transcription of growth-related genes. Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis. Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release (By similarity). (439 aa)
PITX2Homeobox protein. (325 aa)
RPS6KB2Ribosomal protein S6 kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily. (485 aa)
PPP2CBSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform; PP2A can modulate the activity of phosphorylase B kinase casein kinase 2, mitogen-stimulated S6 kinase, and MAP-2 kinase. (309 aa)
MAPK1Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (360 aa)
RBL1RB transcriptional corepressor like 1. (1068 aa)
RGMBRepulsive guidance molecule BMP co-receptor b. (397 aa)
ACVR1Activin receptor type-1; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for TGF-beta. May also bind activin; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (782 aa)
TGFB3Transforming growth factor beta; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (452 aa)
E2F4E2F transcription factor 4. (404 aa)
IFNGInterferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons; Belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family. (166 aa)
SMAD3Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog. (425 aa)
BMP5Bone morphogenetic protein 5. (454 aa)
NODALNodal growth differentiation factor. (346 aa)
SMAD2Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator [...] (467 aa)
ID3DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-3; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Involved in myogenesis by inhibiting skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation and promoting muscle precursor cells proliferation. Inhibits the [...] (119 aa)
FMODFibromodulin; Affects the rate of fibrils formation. May have a primary role in collagen fibrillogenesis (By similarity); Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class II subfamily. (376 aa)
AMHMuellerian-inhibiting factor; This glycoprotein, produced by the Sertoli cells of the testis, causes regression of the Muellerian duct. It is also able to inhibit the growth of tumors derived from tissues of Muellerian duct origin; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (575 aa)
MAPK3Mitogen-activated protein kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. (456 aa)
ID1Inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein. (154 aa)
EP300E1A binding protein p300. (2411 aa)
RPS6KB1Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTO [...] (525 aa)
HAMPHepcidin antimicrobial peptide. (82 aa)
BMP8ATGF_BETA_2 domain-containing protein. (405 aa)
TGFBR1TGF-beta receptor type-1; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type II serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR2, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinog [...] (499 aa)
ACVR2AActivin receptor type-2A; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for activin A, activin B and inhibin A. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (513 aa)
AMHR2Anti-Muellerian hormone type-2 receptor; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for anti-Muellerian hormone. (543 aa)
RGMARepulsive guidance molecule BMP co-receptor a. (455 aa)
INHBCInhibin subunit beta C. (352 aa)
BMP6Bone morphogenetic protein 6. (496 aa)
ACVR1CReceptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (492 aa)
LTBP1Latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1. (1708 aa)
PPP2R1ASerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform; The PR65 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. Upon interaction with GNA12 promotes dephosphorylation of microtubule associated protein TAU/MAPT. Required for proper chromosome segregation and for centromeric localization of SGO1 in mitosis. (589 aa)
PPP2R1BProtein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Abeta. (658 aa)
ID2DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Inhibits skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the C [...] (134 aa)
ZFYVE16Zinc finger FYVE-type containing 16. (1546 aa)
HJVHemojuvelin BMP co-receptor. (427 aa)
SKP1S-phase kinase-associated protein 1; Essential component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex, which mediates the ubiquitination of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. In the SCF complex, serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1. The functional specificity of the SCF complex depends on the F-box protein as substrate recognition component. SCF(BTRC) and SCF(FBXW11) direct ubiquitination of CTNNB1 and participate in Wnt signaling. SCF(FBXW11) directs ubiquitination of phosphorylated NFKBIA. SCF(BTRC [...] (163 aa)
TNFTumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (333 aa)
TGIF1TGFB induced factor homeobox 1. (252 aa)
CHRDChordin; Dorsalizing factor. Key developmental protein that dorsalizes early vertebrate embryonic tissues by binding to ventralizing TGF-beta family bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and sequestering them in latent complexes. (958 aa)
GDF6Growth/differentiation factor 6; Growth factor that controls proliferation and cellular differentiation in the retina and bone formation. Plays a key role in regulating apoptosis during retinal development. Establishes dorsal- ventral positional information in the retina and controls the formation of the retinotectal map. Required for normal formation of bones and joints in the limbs, skull, digits and axial skeleton. Plays a key role in establishing boundaries between skeletal elements during development. Regulation of GDF6 expression seems to be a mechanism for evolving species-speci [...] (470 aa)
ACVR1BReceptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (505 aa)
SMAD7Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog. (430 aa)
LEFTY2Left-right determination factor. (367 aa)
GDF7Growth differentiation factor 7. (450 aa)
BMP7Bone morphogenetic protein 7. (431 aa)
ROCK1Rho-associated protein kinase 1; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of DAPK3, GFAP, LIMK1, LIMK2, MYL9/MLC2, TPPP, PFN1 and PPP1R12A. Phosphorylates FHOD1 and acts synergistically with it to promote SRC-dependent non-apoptotic plasma membrane blebbing. Phosphorylates JIP3 and regulates the recruitment of JNK to JIP3 upon UVB-induced stress (By simi [...] (1356 aa)
BMP8BTGF_BETA_2 domain-containing protein. (405 aa)
ZFYVE9Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein. (1421 aa)
TGFBR2Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (595 aa)
NOGNoggin; Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling which is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite. (232 aa)
INHBAInhibin beta A chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins. (425 aa)
INHBBInhibin beta B chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins. (408 aa)
BMPR2Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (1038 aa)
SMURF2E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. (738 aa)
E2F5-2E2F_CC-MB domain-containing protein. (173 aa)
BMPR1BSerine/threonine-protein kinase receptor; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (532 aa)
LOC780968RING-type domain-containing protein. (108 aa)
GREM1CTCK domain-containing protein. (240 aa)
CUL1Cullin 1; Belongs to the cullin family. (776 aa)
FBN1Fibrillin-1; [Fibrillin-1]: Structural component of the 10-12 nm diameter microfibrils of the extracellular matrix, which conveys both structural and regulatory properties to load-bearing connective tissues. Fibrillin-1-containing microfibrils provide long-term force bearing structural support. In tissues such as the lung, blood vessels and skin, microfibrils form the periphery of the elastic fiber, acting as a scaffold for the deposition of elastin. In addition, microfibrils can occur as elastin-independent networks in tissues such as the ciliary zonule, tendon, cornea and glomerulus [...] (2990 aa)
TGFB1Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity). Activation into mature form fo [...] (499 aa)
SMAD5Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog. (465 aa)
CDKN2BCyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B; Interacts strongly with CDK4 and CDK6. Potent inhibitor. Potential effector of TGF-beta induced cell cycle arrest (By similarity); Belongs to the CDKN2 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family. (321 aa)
TFDP1Transcription factor Dp-1; Can stimulate E2F-dependent transcription. Binds DNA cooperatively with E2F family members through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3', found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The E2F1:DP complex appears to mediate both cell proliferation and apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by repressing CEBPA binding to its target gene promoters (By similarity). (410 aa)
LOC535280CTCK domain-containing protein. (519 aa)
ID4Inhibitor of DNA binding 4, HLH protein. (164 aa)
ACVR2BActivin receptor type-2B; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-2 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin type-1 serine/threonine kinase receptors (ACVR1, ACVR1B or ACVR1c). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to [...] (793 aa)
TGIF2Homeobox domain-containing protein. (237 aa)
THBS1Thrombospondin-1; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties (By similarity). May play a role in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp. Plays a role in ER stress response, via its interaction with the activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6) which produces adaptive ER stress response factors (By similarity); Belongs to the thrombospondin family. (1175 aa)
SMAD1Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD1 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). May act synergistically with SMAD4 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (465 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
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