STRINGSTRING
ssrA ssrA tsr tsr prgH prgH prgI prgI sdiA sdiA sopE2 sopE2 steC steC zntB zntB sseJ sseJ ssaM ssaM ssaL ssaL sseG sseG sseF sseF sseD sseD ttrA ttrA sifA sifA ompA ompA sseI sseI sopD2 sopD2 nanH nanH slrP slrP STM0613 STM0613 pagN pagN sopA sopA cirA cirA sspH2 sspH2 prgK prgK avrA avrA luxS luxS pipB2 pipB2 fljB fljB eutC eutC pmrF pmrF sseL sseL sopD sopD sptP sptP sipA sipA sipD sipD sipC sipC sipB sipB invG invG hfq hfq ompR ompR envZ envZ ygiY ygiY fliC fliC
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
ssrASecretion system regulator: Sensor component; SpiR (gi|1498305). (920 aa)
tsrSerine sensor receptor; similar to E. coli methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein I, serine sensor receptor (AAC77311.1); Blastp hit to AAC77311.1 (551 aa), 86% identity in aa 1 - 551. (553 aa)
prgHCell invasion protein; Required for invasion of epithelial cells. (392 aa)
prgICytoplasmic cell invasion protein; Required for invasion of epithelial cells; Belongs to the MxiH/PrgI/YscF family. (80 aa)
sdiALuxR/UhpA family; similar to E. coli transcriptional regulator of ftsQAZ gene cluster (AAC74983.1); Blastp hit to AAC74983.1 (240 aa), 71% identity in aa 1 - 240. (240 aa)
sopE2TypeIII-secreted protein effector: invasion-associated protein; Activator for CDC42 by directly engaging this Rho GTPase and acting as potent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). This activation results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and stimulates membrane ruffling, promoting bacterial entry into non-phagocytic cells. Also activates NF-kB, p38 and ERK kinases, which are known to be involved in the induction of IL-8 expression. Chaperone InvB is required for secretion, translocation and stabilization of intracellular levels of sopE2. (240 aa)
steCPutative inner membrane protein; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is a kinase, which is required for SPI-2 TTSS-dependent F-actin meshwork formation in infected host cells. (457 aa)
zntBPutative Zn transport protein; Mediates efflux of zinc ions. (327 aa)
sseJSalmonella translocated effector; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is required for endosomal tubulation and negatively regulates the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs) in epithelial cells. Has both deacylase and esterification activities in vitro, but esterification is probably the dominant activity in host cells. Significantly contributes to cholesterol esterification, which reduces cellular cholesterol in cells and abrogates the ability of SifA to associate with cholesterol and LAMP-1 v [...] (408 aa)
ssaMSecretion system apparatus protein SSAM. (SW:SSAM_SALTY). (122 aa)
ssaLSecretion system apparatus protein SSAL. (SW:SSAL_SALTY). (338 aa)
sseGSecretion system effector; SseG (gi|3377858). (229 aa)
sseFSecretion system effector; SseF (gi|3377868). (260 aa)
sseDSecretion system effector; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. May act as a translocator that mediates translocation of SPI-2 TTSS effector proteins from intraphagosomal bacterial cells into the host cells. (195 aa)
ttrATetrathionate reductase complex, subunit A; Part of a membrane-bound tetrathionate reductase that catalyzes the reduction of tetrathionate to thiosulfate. TtrA is the catalytic subunit. During mice infection, the ability to use tetrathionate as an electron acceptor is a growth advantage for S.typhimurium over the competing microbiota in the lumen of the inflamed gut; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (1020 aa)
sifALysosomal glycoprotein (lgp)-containing structures; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is required for endosomal tubulation and formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs), which are filamentous structures containing lysosomal membrane glycoproteins within epithelial cells. Sif formation is concomitant with intracellular bacterial replication. (336 aa)
ompAPutative membrane component hydrogenase; With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm. Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes; an internal gate slows down solute passage. (350 aa)
sseIGifsy-2 prophage putative type III secreted protein; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is required to maintain a long-term chronic systemic infection in mice. It inhibits normal cell migration of primary macrophages and dendritic cells, by a mechanism that involves interaction with the host factor IQGAP1, an important regulator of the cytoskeleton and cell migration. Also accelerates the systemic spread of infection from the gastrointestinal tract to the bloodstream, probably by interacting with host TRIP6. (322 aa)
sopD2Homologous to secreted protein sopD; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. Contributes to the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs) in infected epithelial cells and to replication in macrophages. (319 aa)
nanHSialidase; Cleaves the terminal sialic acid (N-acetyl neuraminic acid) from carbohydrate chains in glycoproteins providing free sialic acid which can be used as carbon and energy sources. Sialidases have been suggested to be pathogenic factors in microbial infections. (412 aa)
slrPLeucine-rich repeat protein; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interferes with host's ubiquitination pathway. Can ubiquitinate both ubiquitin and host TXN (thioredoxin). Leads to significant decrease of thioredoxin activity and increase of host cell death. (765 aa)
STM0613Putative hydrogenase protein; Similar to E. coli putative DMSO reductase anchor subunit (AAC74662.1); Blastp hit to AAC74662.1 (284 aa), 30% identity in aa 6 - 200. (255 aa)
pagNHomolog of sapA; Haemagglutinin that facilitates the adhesion to and invasion of epithelial mammalian cells. Utilizes heparinated proteoglycan as a receptor to successfully invade host cells. (239 aa)
sopASecreted effector protein of Salmonella; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interferes with host's ubiquitination pathway. Required for inducing polymorphonuclear leukocytes migration across the intestinal epithelium. Preferentially uses host UBE2D1 (UBCH5A), UBE2D2 (UBCH5B) and UBE2L3 (UBCH7) as E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. (782 aa)
cirAOuter membrane porin; Receptor for colicin I; requires TonB; similar to E. coli outer membrane receptor for iron-regulated colicin I receptor; porin; requires tonB gene product (AAC75216.1); Blastp hit to AAC75216.1 (663 aa), 88% identity in aa 1 - 663. (663 aa)
sspH2Leucine-rich repeat protein; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interferes with host's ubiquitination pathway. (788 aa)
prgKCell invasion protein; Required for invasion of epithelial cells. Could be involved in protein secretion; Belongs to the YscJ lipoprotein family. (252 aa)
avrAPutative inner membrane protein. (302 aa)
luxSQuorum sensing protein; Involved in the synthesis of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) which is secreted by bacteria and is used to communicate both the cell density and the metabolic potential of the environment. The regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. Catalyzes the transformation of S-ribosylhomocysteine (RHC) to homocysteine (HC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentadione (DPD) (By similarity); Belongs to the LuxS family. (171 aa)
pipB2pipB-like protein; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. Involved in the reorganization of late endosome/lysosome (LE/Lys) compartments in mammalian cells. Necessary and sufficient to link kinesin-1 onto the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) membrane. Required for centrifugal extension of lysosomal glycoprotein-rich membrane tubules, known as Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs), away from the SCV and toward the cell periphery. Required for virulence, but not for intracellular survival and replication in phagocytic cells. (350 aa)
fljBFilament structural protein; Flagellin is the subunit protein which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. (506 aa)
eutCEthanolamine ammonia-lyase, light chain; Catalyzes the deamination of various vicinal amino-alcohols to oxo compounds. (298 aa)
pmrFPutative glycosyl transferase; Catalyzes the transfer of 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose from UDP to undecaprenyl phosphate. The modified arabinose is attached to lipid A and is required for resistance to polymyxin and cationic antimicrobial peptides. Plays an important role in pathogenesis by providing resistance to antimicrobial peptides within macrophages or at other anatomic sites encountered during infection. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. (327 aa)
sseLPutative cytoplasmic protein; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protease targets the host cell ubiquitin pathway by acting as a deubiquitinase in infected host cells. Specifically hydrolyzes mono- and polyubiquitin substrates in vitro with a preference for 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains, suggesting that it interferes with a signaling pathway rather than inhibiting proteasomal-dependent degradation of its targets. Does not possess desumoylating activity. Is required for the Salmonella-induced delayed cytotoxic [...] (317 aa)
sopDSecreted protein in the Sop family; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. Contributes to replication in macrophages. Plays a role, cooperatively with SopB, in membrane fission and macropinosome formation during invasion. (317 aa)
sptPProtein tyrosine phosphate; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein includes tyrosine phosphatase and GTPase activating protein (GAP) activities. After bacterial internalization, GAP mediates the reversal of the cytoskeletal changes induced by SopE. This function is independent of its tyrosine phosphatase activity, which remains unclear. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the YopE family. (543 aa)
sipACell invasion protein; Actin-binding protein that interferes with host cell actin cytoskeleton. It stimulates actin polymerization and counteracts F- actin destabilizing proteins. Potentiates SipC activity; both are required for an efficient bacterial internalization. In vitro, forms a complex with host cell protein T-plastin increasing actin bundling. It inhibits ADF/cofilin-directed depolymerization both by preventing binding of ADF and cofilin and by displacing them from F-actin. Also protects F-actin from gelsolin-directed severing and reanneals gelsolin-severed F-actin fragments; [...] (685 aa)
sipDCell invasion protein; Required for translocation of effector proteins via the type III secretion system SPI-1, which is essential for an efficient bacterial internalization. Probably acts by modulating the secretion of SipA, SipB, and SipC. (343 aa)
sipCCell invasion protein; Actin-binding protein that interferes with host cell actin cytoskeleton. Nucleates actin polymerization and condensates actin filaments into cables (bundling). SipA potenciates SipC activity and both are required for an efficient bacterial internalization by the host cell. (409 aa)
sipBCell invasion protein; Required for entry into the host cell through presentation or delivery of SipC at the host cell plasma membrane. Along with SipC, is necessary for the transfer of other effector proteins into the host cell. Induces macrophage apoptosis either by binding and activating the proapoptotic enzyme caspase-1 (caspase-1 dependent), resulting in the release of interleukin-1 beta active form, or by disrupting mitochondria and inducing autophagy (caspase-1 independent). The former is dependent of its membrane-fusion activity. The SipBC complex, in association with its chape [...] (593 aa)
invGOuter membrane invasion protein; Component of the type III secretion system (T3SS), also called injectisome, which is used to inject bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. Forms a ring-shaped multimeric structure with an apparent central pore in the outer membrane. (562 aa)
hfqHost factor I for bacteriophage Q beta replication; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Also binds with high specificity to tRNAs (By similarity). Plays a central regulatory role in the microbial response to space flight conditions. Is essential for virulence and is required for efficient invasion of non-phagocytic cells. (102 aa)
ompRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with EnvZ; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes (By similarity). Plays a central role in both acid and osmotic stress responses. Binds to the promoter of both ompC and ompF; at low osmolarity it activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription (By similarity). (239 aa)
envZSensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with OmpR; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes (By similarity). EnvZ functions as a membrane- associated protein kinase that phosphorylates OmpR in response to environmental signals; at low osmolarity OmpR activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription (By similarity). (450 aa)
ygiYPutative sensory histidine kinase in regulatory system; Member of a two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC. Activates the flagella regulon by activating transcription of FlhDC. May activate QseB by phosphorylation (By similarity). (449 aa)
fliCFlagellar biosynthesis; Flagellin is the subunit protein which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. (495 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium
NCBI taxonomy Id: 99287
Other names: S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2-LTL2, Salmonella typhimurium LT2
Server load: low (38%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.