STRINGSTRING
flgF flgF flgE flgE flgD flgD yceL yceL sopB sopB sopD2 sopD2 lolA lolA hcp hcp sucC sucC ompR ompR STM0718 STM0718 kdpA kdpA citB citB citA citA mrdA mrdA citF citF carB carB araC araC rnhA rnhA fepA fepA entF entF entE entE citF2 citF2 aceK aceK purH purH zraP zraP feoB feoB feoA feoA sdhA sdhA fmt fmt rpoD rpoD exbB exbB exbD exbD STM3132 STM3132 sopD sopD invH invH invF invF invG invG invA invA invB invB invC invC invI invI spaO spaO spaP spaP spaQ spaQ spaS spaS sipA sipA hilD hilD prgH prgH prgK prgK orgA orgA hilC hilC emrB emrB purG purG purM purM eutP eutP eutQ eutQ cirA cirA yegB yegB sopA sopA fliM fliM fliL fliL fliC fliC cheA cheA cheW cheW cheR cheR cheY cheY cheZ cheZ mrdA-2 mrdA-2 purT purT sopE2 sopE2 narH narH STM1669 STM1669 acpD acpD narZ narZ ssaT ssaT flgL flgL flgK flgK flgH flgH flgG flgG
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
flgFFlagellar biosynthesis protein; Cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod; flagellar basal-body rod protein flgf (putative proximal rod protein). (SW:FLGF_SALTY); Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family. (251 aa)
flgEHook protein; Flagellar biosynthesis; flagellar hook protein flge. (SW:FLGE_SALTY); Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family. (403 aa)
flgDFlagellar biosynthesis protein; Required for flagellar hook formation. May act as a scaffolding protein; Belongs to the FlgD family. (232 aa)
yceLPutative MFS superfamily transport protein; Similar to E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC74149.1); Blastp hit to AAC74149.1 (412 aa), 92% identity in aa 11 - 412. (402 aa)
sopBPathogenicity island encoded protein: SPI5; Converts phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns 3,4,5-P3) to PtdIns 3-P and prevents the transition of PtdIns 3-P to PtdIns 3,5-P2. It is one of the known effectors injected by Salmonella into the host cell and is required for invasion and for an efficient generation and maintenance of Salmonella-containing vacuole (SVC). Alteration of the phosphoinositide composition of the plasma membrane causes membrane ruffling and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. The persistence of PtdIns 3-P diverts the SCV from the endocytic pathway resulti [...] (561 aa)
sopD2Homologous to secreted protein sopD; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. Contributes to the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs) in infected epithelial cells and to replication in macrophages. (319 aa)
lolAPeriplasmic protein; Participates in the translocation of lipoproteins from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. Only forms a complex with a lipoprotein if the residue after the N-terminal Cys is not an aspartate (The Asp acts as a targeting signal to indicate that the lipoprotein should stay in the inner membrane). (204 aa)
hcpHybrid cluster protein; Catalyzes the reduction of hydroxylamine to form NH(3) and H(2)O. (550 aa)
sucCsuccinyl-CoA synthetase, beta subunit; Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit. (388 aa)
ompRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with EnvZ; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes (By similarity). Plays a central role in both acid and osmotic stress responses. Binds to the promoter of both ompC and ompF; at low osmolarity it activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription (By similarity). (239 aa)
STM0718Putative cytoplasmic protein. (246 aa)
kdpAP-type ATPase, high-affinity potassium transport system, A chain; Part of the high-affinity ATP-driven potassium transport (or Kdp) system, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the electrogenic transport of potassium into the cytoplasm. This subunit binds and transports the potassium across the cytoplasmic membrane. (559 aa)
citBCitrate utilization protein B. (SW:CIT2_SALTY). (379 aa)
citACitrate-proton symporter; Uptake of citrate across the boundary membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system) (Probable). Allows the utilization of citrate as a sole source of carbon and energy upon expression in E.coli. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Metabolite:H+ Symporter (MHS) family (TC 2.A.1.6) family. (434 aa)
mrdACell elongation specific transpeptidase of penicillin-binding protein 2 (peptidoglycan synthetase); Catalyzes cross-linking of the peptidoglycan cell wall. Belongs to the transpeptidase family. MrdA subfamily. (633 aa)
citFBifunctional; similar to E. coli citrate lyase alpha chain (AAC73716.1); Blastp hit to AAC73716.1 (510 aa), 88% identity in aa 1 - 510; citrate-ACP transferase. (509 aa)
carBCarbamoyl-phosphate synthase large chain. (SW:CARB_SALTY). (1075 aa)
araCTranscriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family) for ara operon; Transcription factor that regulates the expression of several genes involved in the transport and metabolism of L-arabinose. (281 aa)
rnhARNase HI; Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids. (155 aa)
fepASimilar to E. coli outer membrane receptor for ferric enterobactin (enterochelin) and colicins B and D (AAC73685.1); Blastp hit to AAC73685.1 (746 aa), 81% identity in aa 1 - 746. (751 aa)
entFEnterobactin synthetase, component F (nonribosomal peptide synthetase); Similar to E. coli ATP-dependent serine activating enzyme (may be part of enterobactin synthase as component F) (AAC73687.1); Blastp hit to AAC73687.1 (1293 aa), 79% identity in aa 1 - 1293. (1294 aa)
entESimilar to E. coli 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-AMP ligase (AAC73695.1); Blastp hit to AAC73695.1 (536 aa), 86% identity in aa 1 - 534. (536 aa)
citF2Bifunctional; similar to E. coli citrate lyase alpha chain (AAC73716.1); Blastp hit to AAC73716.1 (510 aa), 72% identity in aa 30 - 509; putative citrate-ACP transferase. (506 aa)
aceKIsocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase; Bifunctional enzyme which can phosphorylate or dephosphorylate isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) on a specific serine residue. This is a regulatory mechanism which enables bacteria to bypass the Krebs cycle via the glyoxylate shunt in response to the source of carbon. When bacteria are grown on glucose, IDH is fully active and unphosphorylated, but when grown on acetate or ethanol, the activity of IDH declines drastically concomitant with its phosphorylation. (583 aa)
purHPhosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase; Bifunctional; bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH. (SW:PUR9_SALTY); IMP cyclohydrolase. (529 aa)
zraPZinc-resistance associated protein; Binds zinc. Could be an important component of the zinc- balancing mechanism (By similarity); Belongs to the ZraP family. (151 aa)
feoBFerrous iron transport protein B; Probable transporter for a GTP-driven Fe(2+) uptake system. Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. FeoB GTPase (TC 9.A.8) family. (772 aa)
feoASimilar to E. coli ferrous iron transport protein A (AAC76433.1); Blastp hit to AAC76433.1 (75 aa), 96% identity in aa 1 - 75. (75 aa)
sdhASuccinate dehydrogenase, flavoprotein subunit; Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily. (588 aa)
fmt10-formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA(fMet) N-formyltransferase; Attaches a formyl group to the free amino group of methionyl- tRNA(fMet). The formyl group appears to play a dual role in the initiator identity of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA by promoting its recognition by IF2 and preventing the misappropriation of this tRNA by the elongation apparatus. (315 aa)
rpoDSigma D factor of RNA polymerase; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the primary sigma factor during exponential growth. (660 aa)
exbBUptake of enterochelin; Involved in the TonB-dependent energy-dependent transport of various receptor-bound substrates. Protects ExbD from proteolytic degradation and functionally stabilizes TonB (By similarity). (244 aa)
exbDtonB-dependent uptake of B colicins; similar to E. coli uptake of enterochelin; tonB-dependent uptake of B colicins (AAC76041.1); Blastp hit to AAC76041.1 (141 aa), 93% identity in aa 1 - 141. (141 aa)
STM3132Putative xylanase; Chitin deacetylase. (307 aa)
sopDSecreted protein in the Sop family; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. Contributes to replication in macrophages. Plays a role, cooperatively with SopB, in membrane fission and macropinosome formation during invasion. (317 aa)
invHInvasion protein; Involved in the synthesis of the type III secretion system (T3SS), also called injectisome, which is used to inject bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. Pilot protein that is required for the proper localization of the secretin InvG/SctC in the outer membrane. Required for the secretion of the Sip virulence factors. (147 aa)
invFInvasion protein; Transcriptional regulator required for the expression of several genes encoding type III secretion system SPI1 effector proteins. The interaction with SicA is necessary for the activation of sigDE (sopB pipC), sicAsipBCDA, and sopE. (216 aa)
invGOuter membrane invasion protein; Component of the type III secretion system (T3SS), also called injectisome, which is used to inject bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. Forms a ring-shaped multimeric structure with an apparent central pore in the outer membrane. (562 aa)
invAInvasion protein; Involved in the invasion of the cells of the intestinal epithelium. Could be involved in the translocation of the InvE protein; Belongs to the FHIPEP (flagella/HR/invasion proteins export pore) family. (685 aa)
invBSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells. Chaperone specialized in the storage of effectors within the bacterial cytoplasm, maintaining them in a secretion- competent state, and allowing their immediate delivery to target cells upon contact of the bacterium with the host cells. Has been shown to chaperone SopA, SopE, SopE2 and SipA; Belongs to the SpaK family. (135 aa)
invCSurface presentation of antigens; Necessary for efficient entry of S.typhimurium into cultured epithelial cells. Probable catalytic subunit of a protein translocase. May energize the protein export apparatus encoded in the inv locus which is required for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of salmonella species into mammalian cells. (431 aa)
invISurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells. (147 aa)
spaOSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells. (303 aa)
spaPSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells. (224 aa)
spaQSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells; Belongs to the FliQ/MopD/SpaQ family. (86 aa)
spaSSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells; Belongs to the type III secretion exporter family. (356 aa)
sipACell invasion protein; Actin-binding protein that interferes with host cell actin cytoskeleton. It stimulates actin polymerization and counteracts F- actin destabilizing proteins. Potentiates SipC activity; both are required for an efficient bacterial internalization. In vitro, forms a complex with host cell protein T-plastin increasing actin bundling. It inhibits ADF/cofilin-directed depolymerization both by preventing binding of ADF and cofilin and by displacing them from F-actin. Also protects F-actin from gelsolin-directed severing and reanneals gelsolin-severed F-actin fragments; [...] (685 aa)
hilDRegulatory helix-turn-helix proteins, araC family; HilD (gi|4455108). (309 aa)
prgHCell invasion protein; Required for invasion of epithelial cells. (392 aa)
prgKCell invasion protein; Required for invasion of epithelial cells. Could be involved in protein secretion; Belongs to the YscJ lipoprotein family. (252 aa)
orgAPutative flagellar biosynthesis/type III secretory pathway protein; Oxygen-regulated protein required for bacterial internalization. (226 aa)
hilCaraC family bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix protein; Positive regulator of the expression of the invasion- associated type III secretion system encoded within SPI-1 (pathogenicity island 1). (295 aa)
emrBPutative MFS superfamily multidrug transport protein; Similar to E. coli multidrug resistance; probably membrane translocase (AAC75733.1); Blastp hit to AAC75733.1 (512 aa), 95% identity in aa 1 - 512; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. (512 aa)
purGPhosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase; Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase involved in the purines biosynthetic pathway. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR) and glutamine to yield formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) and glutamate. (1295 aa)
purMAIR synthetase; similar to E. coli phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase = AIR synthetase (AAC75552.1); Blastp hit to AAC75552.1 (345 aa), 91% identity in aa 1 - 345. (345 aa)
eutPEthanolamine utilization protein EUTP. (SW:EUTP_SALTY). (159 aa)
eutQEthanolamine utilization protein EUTQ. (SW:EUTQ_SALTY). (229 aa)
cirAOuter membrane porin; Receptor for colicin I; requires TonB; similar to E. coli outer membrane receptor for iron-regulated colicin I receptor; porin; requires tonB gene product (AAC75216.1); Blastp hit to AAC75216.1 (663 aa), 88% identity in aa 1 - 663. (663 aa)
yegBSimilar to E. coli putative transport protein (AAC75138.1); Blastp hit to AAC75138.1 (471 aa), 85% identity in aa 1 - 469. (470 aa)
sopASecreted effector protein of Salmonella; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interferes with host's ubiquitination pathway. Required for inducing polymorphonuclear leukocytes migration across the intestinal epithelium. Preferentially uses host UBE2D1 (UBCH5A), UBE2D2 (UBCH5B) and UBE2L3 (UBCH7) as E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. (782 aa)
fliMFlagellar biosynthesis protein; FliM is one of three proteins (FliG, FliN, FliM) that forms the rotor-mounted switch complex (C ring), located at the base of the basal body. This complex interacts with the CheY and CheZ chemotaxis proteins, in addition to contacting components of the motor that determine the direction of flagellar rotation (By similarity). (334 aa)
fliLFlagellar biosynthesis; Controls the rotational direction of flagella during chemotaxis; Belongs to the FliL family. (155 aa)
fliCFlagellar biosynthesis; Flagellin is the subunit protein which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. (495 aa)
cheASensory histitine protein kinase; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. CheA is autophosphorylated; it can transfer its phosphate group to either CheB or CheY. (671 aa)
cheWPurine-binding chemotaxis protein; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. (167 aa)
cheRGlutamate methyltransferase; Methylation of the membrane-bound methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) to form gamma-glutamyl methyl ester residues in MCP. (288 aa)
cheYChemotaxis regulator protein; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. In its active (phosphorylated or acetylated) form, CheY exhibits enhanced binding to a switch component, FliM, at the flagellar motor which induces a change from counterclockwise to clockwise flagellar rotation. Shows autophosphatase activity which is enhanced by CheZ. (129 aa)
cheZChemotactic response protein; Plays an important role in bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction pathway by accelerating the dephosphorylation of phosphorylated CheY (CheY-P). Acts on free CheY-P. Belongs to the CheZ family. (214 aa)
mrdA-2Putative penicillin-binding protein; Catalyzes cross-linking of the peptidoglycan cell wall. Belongs to the transpeptidase family. MrdA subfamily. (623 aa)
purTPhosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2; Involved in the de novo purine biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of formate to 5-phospho-ribosyl-glycinamide (GAR), producing 5-phospho-ribosyl-N-formylglycinamide (FGAR). Formate is provided by PurU via hydrolysis of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate; Belongs to the PurK/PurT family. (392 aa)
sopE2TypeIII-secreted protein effector: invasion-associated protein; Activator for CDC42 by directly engaging this Rho GTPase and acting as potent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). This activation results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and stimulates membrane ruffling, promoting bacterial entry into non-phagocytic cells. Also activates NF-kB, p38 and ERK kinases, which are known to be involved in the induction of IL-8 expression. Chaperone InvB is required for secretion, translocation and stabilization of intracellular levels of sopE2. (240 aa)
narHSimilar to E. coli nitrate reductase 1, beta subunit (AAC74309.1); Blastp hit to AAC74309.1 (512 aa), 92% identity in aa 1 - 511. (511 aa)
STM1669Invasin-like protein; Homology to invasin C of Yersinia; similar to E. coli putative factor (AAC74304.1); Blastp hit to AAC74304.1 (417 aa), 30% identity in aa 38 - 403. (660 aa)
acpDAcyl carrier protein phosphodiesterase; Catalyzes the reductive cleavage of azo bond in aromatic azo compounds to the corresponding amines. Requires NADH, but not NADPH, as an electron donor for its activity; Belongs to the azoreductase type 1 family. (201 aa)
narZSimilar to E. coli cryptic nitrate reductase 2, alpha subunit (AAC74550.1); Blastp hit to AAC74550.1 (1246 aa), 90% identity in aa 1 - 1246; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (1246 aa)
ssaTSecretion system apparatus protein; Part of a type III secretion system; Belongs to the FliR/MopE/SpaR family. (259 aa)
flgLHook-filament junction protein; Flagellar biosynthesis protein; flagellar hook-associated protein 3 (HAP3) (hook-filament junctionprotein). (SW:FLGL_SALTY). (317 aa)
flgKHook-filament junction protein 1; Flagellar biosynthesis protein; flagellar hook-associated protein 1 (HAP1). (SW:FLGK_SALTY); Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family. (553 aa)
flgHFlagellar biosynthesis protein; Assembles around the rod to form the L-ring and probably protects the motor/basal body from shearing forces during rotation. (232 aa)
flgGFlagellar biosynthesis protein; Cell-distal portion of basal-body rod; flagellar basal-body rod protein flgg (distal rod protein). (SW:FLGG_SALTY); Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family. (260 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium
NCBI taxonomy Id: 99287
Other names: S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2-LTL2, Salmonella typhimurium LT2
Server load: low (12%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.