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recG recG dnaK dnaK dnaJ dnaJ polB polB secA secA dnaE dnaE dnaX dnaX recR recR htpG htpG sopD2 sopD2 pipB pipB sopB sopB holB holB gapA gapA ssrB ssrB ssrA ssrA sseC sseC ssaG ssaG ssaJ ssaJ fdnI fdnI fdnG fdnG sseJ sseJ sopE2 sopE2 ruvA ruvA ruvC ruvC flhD flhD fliZ fliZ baeS baeS sseL sseL recO recO clpB clpB recN recN pipB2 pipB2 recA recA hycI hycI hycG hycG hycF hycF hilC hilC orgA orgA prgK prgK prgI prgI hilD hilD sipA sipA sipD sipD sipC sipC sipB sipB spaS spaS spaP spaP spaO spaO invJ invJ invA invA invF invF hflB hflB rplQ rplQ rpoA rpoA rpsD rpsD rplE rplE rplX rplX rplN rplN mutM mutM ibpB ibpB ibpA ibpA recF recF fdhE fdhE fdoI fdoI rplK rplK ssb ssb priB priB
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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recGDNA helicase; Critical role in recombination and DNA repair. Helps process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. Has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of a DNA helicase with a 3'- to 5'- polarity. Unwinds branched duplex DNA (Y- DNA); Belongs to the helicase family. RecG subfamily. (693 aa)
dnaKChaperone Hsp70; Acts as a chaperone. (638 aa)
dnaJHeat shock protein DnaJ; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent interactions between DnaJ, [...] (379 aa)
polBDNA polymerase II; 3'->5' exonuclease; similar to E. coli DNA polymerase II (AAC73171.1); Blastp hit to AAC73171.1 (783 aa), 89% identity in aa 1 - 783. (783 aa)
secAPreprotein translocase; Part of the Sec protein translocase complex. Interacts with the SecYEG preprotein conducting channel. Has a central role in coupling the hydrolysis of ATP to the transfer of proteins into and across the cell membrane, serving both as a receptor for the preprotein-SecB complex and as an ATP-driven molecular motor driving the stepwise translocation of polypeptide chains across the membrane. (901 aa)
dnaEDNA polymerase III, alpha subunit; DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The alpha chain is the DNA polymerase; Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-C family. DnaE subfamily. (1160 aa)
dnaXDNA polymerase III, tau and gamma subunits; DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity (By similarity). [Isoform gamma]: chain seems to interact with the delta subunit to transfer the beta subunit on the DNA; Belongs to the DnaX/STICHEL family. (642 aa)
recRPutative recombination protein, gap repair; May play a role in DNA repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecO. (201 aa)
htpGChaperone Hsp90, heat shock protein C 62.5; Molecular chaperone. Has ATPase activity. (632 aa)
sopD2Homologous to secreted protein sopD; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. Contributes to the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs) in infected epithelial cells and to replication in macrophages. (319 aa)
pipBPathogenicity island encoded protein: SPI5; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. Does not appear to be required for the formation or the maintenance of either Salmonella- containing vacuole (SCV) or the Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs). Not required for intracellular replication in phagocytic cells. (291 aa)
sopBPathogenicity island encoded protein: SPI5; Converts phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns 3,4,5-P3) to PtdIns 3-P and prevents the transition of PtdIns 3-P to PtdIns 3,5-P2. It is one of the known effectors injected by Salmonella into the host cell and is required for invasion and for an efficient generation and maintenance of Salmonella-containing vacuole (SVC). Alteration of the phosphoinositide composition of the plasma membrane causes membrane ruffling and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. The persistence of PtdIns 3-P diverts the SCV from the endocytic pathway resulti [...] (561 aa)
holBSimilar to E. coli DNA polymerase III, delta prime subunit (AAC74183.1); Blastp hit to AAC74183.1 (334 aa), 79% identity in aa 1 - 334. (334 aa)
gapAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A; Catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) using the cofactor NAD. The first reaction step involves the formation of a hemiacetal intermediate between G3P and a cysteine residue, and this hemiacetal intermediate is then oxidized to a thioester, with concomitant reduction of NAD to NADH. The reduced NADH is then exchanged with the second NAD, and the thioester is attacked by a nucleophilic inorganic phosphate to produce BPG. (331 aa)
ssrBSecretion system regulator: transcriptonal activator; Homologous with degU/uvrY/bvgA; SsrB (gi|2765824). (212 aa)
ssrASecretion system regulator: Sensor component; SpiR (gi|1498305). (920 aa)
sseCSecretion system effector; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. May act as a translocator that mediates translocation of SPI-2 TTSS effector proteins from intraphagosomal bacterial cells into the host cells. (484 aa)
ssaGSecretion system apparatus; SsaH (gi|2460267). (71 aa)
ssaJSecretion system apparatus protein; Component of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) type III secretion system, required for secretion of some type III-secreted effectors including the SpvB toxin. (249 aa)
fdnINitrate-inducible; similar to E. coli formate dehydrogenase-N, nitrate-inducible, cytochrome B556(Fdn) gamma subunit (AAD13440.1); Blastp hit to AAD13440.1 (217 aa), 98% identity in aa 1 - 217. (218 aa)
fdnGPutative molybdopterin oxidoreductases; Similar to E. coli formate dehydrogenase-N, nitrate-inducible, alpha subunit (AAD13438.1); Blastp hit to AAD13438.1 (1015 aa), 93% identity in aa 1 - 1015; contains selenocysteine tRNA suppressible codon. (1015 aa)
sseJSalmonella translocated effector; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is required for endosomal tubulation and negatively regulates the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs) in epithelial cells. Has both deacylase and esterification activities in vitro, but esterification is probably the dominant activity in host cells. Significantly contributes to cholesterol esterification, which reduces cellular cholesterol in cells and abrogates the ability of SifA to associate with cholesterol and LAMP-1 v [...] (408 aa)
sopE2TypeIII-secreted protein effector: invasion-associated protein; Activator for CDC42 by directly engaging this Rho GTPase and acting as potent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). This activation results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and stimulates membrane ruffling, promoting bacterial entry into non-phagocytic cells. Also activates NF-kB, p38 and ERK kinases, which are known to be involved in the induction of IL-8 expression. Chaperone InvB is required for secretion, translocation and stabilization of intracellular levels of sopE2. (240 aa)
ruvAHolliday junction helicase subunit A; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. RuvA stimulates, in the presence of DNA, the weak ATPase activity of RuvB. (203 aa)
ruvCHolliday junction nuclease; Nuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates in genetic recombination. Cleaves the cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA by nicking to strands with the same polarity at sites symmetrically opposed at the junction in the homologous arms and leaves a 5'-terminal phosphate and a 3'-terminal hydroxyl group. (173 aa)
flhDRegulator of flagellar biosynthesis; Functions in complex with FlhC as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways (Probable); Belongs to the FlhD family. (116 aa)
fliZPutative regulator of FliA; May regulate sigma factor activity. (183 aa)
baeSSensory kinase in two-component regulatoyr system wtih BaeR; Similar to E. coli sensor protein (for BaeR) (AAC75139.1); Blastp hit to AAC75139.1 (467 aa), 88% identity in aa 1 - 467. (467 aa)
sseLPutative cytoplasmic protein; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protease targets the host cell ubiquitin pathway by acting as a deubiquitinase in infected host cells. Specifically hydrolyzes mono- and polyubiquitin substrates in vitro with a preference for 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains, suggesting that it interferes with a signaling pathway rather than inhibiting proteasomal-dependent degradation of its targets. Does not possess desumoylating activity. Is required for the Salmonella-induced delayed cytotoxic [...] (317 aa)
recOGap repair gene; Involved in DNA repair and RecF pathway recombination; Belongs to the RecO family. (242 aa)
clpBATP-dependent protease; Part of a stress-induced multi-chaperone system, it is involved in the recovery of the cell from heat-induced damage, in cooperation with DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE. Acts before DnaK, in the processing of protein aggregates. Protein binding stimulates the ATPase activity; ATP hydrolysis unfolds the denatured protein aggregates, which probably helps expose new hydrophobic binding sites on the surface of ClpB-bound aggregates, contributing to the solubilization and refolding of denatured protein aggregates by DnaK (By similarity). Required for colonization of the gastroi [...] (857 aa)
recNProtein used in recombination and DNA repair; May be involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA. (553 aa)
pipB2pipB-like protein; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. Involved in the reorganization of late endosome/lysosome (LE/Lys) compartments in mammalian cells. Necessary and sufficient to link kinesin-1 onto the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) membrane. Required for centrifugal extension of lysosomal glycoprotein-rich membrane tubules, known as Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs), away from the SCV and toward the cell periphery. Required for virulence, but not for intracellular survival and replication in phagocytic cells. (350 aa)
recADNA strand exchange and recombination protein; Can catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single- stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single-stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. It interacts with LexA causing its activation and leading to its autocatalytic cleavage. (353 aa)
hycISimilar to E. coli protease involved in processing C-terminal end of the large subunit of hydrogenase 3 (AAC75759.1); Blastp hit to AAC75759.1 (156 aa), 91% identity in aa 1 - 155. (156 aa)
hycGSimilar to E. coli hydrogenase activity (AAC75761.1); Blastp hit to AAC75761.1 (255 aa), 96% identity in aa 1 - 255. (255 aa)
hycFHydrogenase 3; Similar to E. coli probable iron-sulfur protein of hydrogenase 3 (part of FHL complex) (AAC75762.1); Blastp hit to AAC75762.1 (180 aa), 96% identity in aa 1 - 178; putative quinone oxidoreductase. (180 aa)
hilCaraC family bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix protein; Positive regulator of the expression of the invasion- associated type III secretion system encoded within SPI-1 (pathogenicity island 1). (295 aa)
orgAPutative flagellar biosynthesis/type III secretory pathway protein; Oxygen-regulated protein required for bacterial internalization. (226 aa)
prgKCell invasion protein; Required for invasion of epithelial cells. Could be involved in protein secretion; Belongs to the YscJ lipoprotein family. (252 aa)
prgICytoplasmic cell invasion protein; Required for invasion of epithelial cells; Belongs to the MxiH/PrgI/YscF family. (80 aa)
hilDRegulatory helix-turn-helix proteins, araC family; HilD (gi|4455108). (309 aa)
sipACell invasion protein; Actin-binding protein that interferes with host cell actin cytoskeleton. It stimulates actin polymerization and counteracts F- actin destabilizing proteins. Potentiates SipC activity; both are required for an efficient bacterial internalization. In vitro, forms a complex with host cell protein T-plastin increasing actin bundling. It inhibits ADF/cofilin-directed depolymerization both by preventing binding of ADF and cofilin and by displacing them from F-actin. Also protects F-actin from gelsolin-directed severing and reanneals gelsolin-severed F-actin fragments; [...] (685 aa)
sipDCell invasion protein; Required for translocation of effector proteins via the type III secretion system SPI-1, which is essential for an efficient bacterial internalization. Probably acts by modulating the secretion of SipA, SipB, and SipC. (343 aa)
sipCCell invasion protein; Actin-binding protein that interferes with host cell actin cytoskeleton. Nucleates actin polymerization and condensates actin filaments into cables (bundling). SipA potenciates SipC activity and both are required for an efficient bacterial internalization by the host cell. (409 aa)
sipBCell invasion protein; Required for entry into the host cell through presentation or delivery of SipC at the host cell plasma membrane. Along with SipC, is necessary for the transfer of other effector proteins into the host cell. Induces macrophage apoptosis either by binding and activating the proapoptotic enzyme caspase-1 (caspase-1 dependent), resulting in the release of interleukin-1 beta active form, or by disrupting mitochondria and inducing autophagy (caspase-1 independent). The former is dependent of its membrane-fusion activity. The SipBC complex, in association with its chape [...] (593 aa)
spaSSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells; Belongs to the type III secretion exporter family. (356 aa)
spaPSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells. (224 aa)
spaOSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells. (303 aa)
invJSurface presentation of antigens; Involved in a secretory pathway responsible for the surface presentation of determinants needed for the entry of Salmonella species into mammalian cells; Belongs to the SpaN family. (336 aa)
invAInvasion protein; Involved in the invasion of the cells of the intestinal epithelium. Could be involved in the translocation of the InvE protein; Belongs to the FHIPEP (flagella/HR/invasion proteins export pore) family. (685 aa)
invFInvasion protein; Transcriptional regulator required for the expression of several genes encoding type III secretion system SPI1 effector proteins. The interaction with SicA is necessary for the activation of sigDE (sopB pipC), sicAsipBCDA, and sopE. (216 aa)
hflBATP-dependent zinc-metallo protease; Acts as a processive, ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase for both cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. Plays a role in the quality control of integral membrane proteins; In the central section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (644 aa)
rplQSimilar to E. coli 50S ribosomal subunit protein L17 (AAC76319.1); Blastp hit to AAC76319.1 (127 aa), 99% identity in aa 1 - 127. (127 aa)
rpoARNA polymerase, alpha subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (329 aa)
rpsD30S ribosomal subunit protein S4; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit. (206 aa)
rplE50S ribosomal subunit protein L5; This is 1 of the proteins that binds and probably mediates the attachment of the 5S RNA into the large ribosomal subunit, where it forms part of the central protuberance. In the 70S ribosome it contacts protein S13 of the 30S subunit (bridge B1b), connecting the 2 subunits; this bridge is implicated in subunit movement. Contacts the P site tRNA; the 5S rRNA and some of its associated proteins might help stabilize positioning of ribosome-bound tRNAs. (179 aa)
rplX50S ribosomal subunit protein L24; One of two assembly initiator proteins, it binds directly to the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit. (104 aa)
rplN50S ribosomal subunit protein L14; Binds to 23S rRNA. Forms part of two intersubunit bridges in the 70S ribosome; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family. (123 aa)
mutMFormamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized purines, such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3'- and 5'-phosphates (By similarity). (269 aa)
ibpBSmall heat shock protein; Associates with aggregated proteins, together with IbpA, to stabilize and protect them from irreversible denaturation and extensive proteolysis during heat shock and oxidative stress. Aggregated proteins bound to the IbpAB complex are more efficiently refolded and reactivated by the ATP-dependent chaperone systems ClpB and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE. Its activity is ATP-independent. (142 aa)
ibpASmall heat shock protein; Associates with aggregated proteins, together with IbpB, to stabilize and protect them from irreversible denaturation and extensive proteolysis during heat shock and oxidative stress. Aggregated proteins bound to the IbpAB complex are more efficiently refolded and reactivated by the ATP-dependent chaperone systems ClpB and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE. Its activity is ATP-independent. (137 aa)
recFGap repair protein; The RecF protein is involved in DNA metabolism; it is required for DNA replication and normal SOS inducibility. RecF binds preferentially to single-stranded, linear DNA. It also seems to bind ATP (By similarity). (357 aa)
fdhEPutative formate dehydrogenase formation protein; Necessary for formate dehydrogenase activity. Belongs to the FdhE family. (309 aa)
fdoISimilar to E. coli formate dehydrogenase, cytochrome B556 (FDO) subunit (AAD13454.1); Blastp hit to AAD13454.1 (211 aa), 96% identity in aa 1 - 211. (211 aa)
rplK50 S ribosomal subunit protein L11; Forms part of the ribosomal stalk which helps the ribosome interact with GTP-bound translation factors. (142 aa)
ssbssDNA-binding protein; Plays an important role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds to ssDNA and to an array of partner proteins to recruit them to their sites of action during DNA metabolism. (176 aa)
priBPrimosomal replication protein N; Binds single-stranded DNA at the primosome assembly site (PAS). During primosome assembly it facilitates the complex formation between PriA and DnaT; Belongs to the PriB family. (104 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium
NCBI taxonomy Id: 99287
Other names: S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2-LTL2, Salmonella typhimurium LT2
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