Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
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from curated databases
textmining
Assay-based Predictions
experimentally determined
co-expression
Genomic Predictions
gene neighborhood
gene co-occurrence
gene fusions
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Gdf15Growth/differentiation factor 15; egulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses. Binds to its receptor, GFRAL, and activates GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which contitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes feeding responses to stressful conditions (Probable). On hepatocytes, inhibits growth hormone signaling (By similarity). (303 aa)    
Predicted Functional Partners:
Tgfbr2
TGF-beta receptor type-2; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR1, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinoge [...]
   
 0.927
Gfral
GDNF family receptor alpha-like; Brainstem-restricted receptor for GDF15 which regulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses (Probable). Upon interaction with its ligand, GDF15, interacts with RET and induces cellular signaling through activation of MAPK- and AKT- signaling pathways (By similarity).
   
 
 0.859
Ret
Extracellular cell-membrane anchored RET cadherin 120 kDa fragment; Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase involved in numerous cellular mechanisms including cell proliferation, neuronal navigation, cell migration, and cell differentiation upon binding with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor family ligands. Phosphorylates PTK2/FAK1. Regulates both cell death/survival balance and positional information. Required for the molecular mechanisms orchestration during intestine organogenesis; involved in the development of enteric nervous system and renal organogenesis during embryonic life, and [...]
   
 
 0.812
Twsg1
Twisted gastrulation homolog 1 (Drosophila) (Predicted), isoform CRA_b.
   
 
 0.724
Hamp
Hepcidin; Seems to act as a signaling molecule involved in the maintenance of iron homeostasis. Seems to be required in conjunction with HFE to regulate both intestinal iron absorption and iron storage in macrophages. May also have antimicrobial activity (By similarity). Belongs to the hepcidin family.
      
 0.710
Gfra4
GDNF family receptor alpha-4; Receptor for persephin. Mediates the GDNF-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor. May be important in C-cell development and, in the postnatal development of the adrenal medulla.
   
 
 0.707
Bmp10
Bone morphogenetic protein 10; Required for maintaining the proliferative activity of embryonic cardiomyocytes by preventing premature activation of the negative cell cycle regulator CDKN1C/p57KIP and maintaining the required expression levels of cardiogenic factors such as MEF2C and NKX2-5. Acts as a ligand for ACVRL1/ALK1, BMPR1A/ALK3 and BMPR1B/ALK6, leading to activation of SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD8 transcription factors. Inhibits endothelial cell migration and growth. May reduce cell migration and cell matrix adhesion in breast cancer cell lines. Belongs to the TGF-beta family.
      
 0.652
Fgf21
Fibroblast growth factor; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family.
   
  
 0.648
Tp53
Cellular tumor antigen p53; Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its intera [...]
   
 
 0.641
Cx3cl1
Processed fractalkine; Acts as a ligand for both CX3CR1 and integrins. Binds to CX3CR1 and to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA4:ITGB1. Can activate integrins in both a CX3CR1-dependent and CX3CR1-independent manner. In the presence of CX3CR1, activates integrins by binding to the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) in integrins. In the absence of CX3CR1, binds to a second site (site 2) in integrins which is distinct from site 1 and enhances the binding of other integrin ligands to site 1. The soluble form is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. The membrane- [...]
    
 
 0.610
Your Current Organism:
Rattus norvegicus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10116
Other names: Buffalo rat, Norway rat, R. norvegicus, Rattus PC12 clone IS, Rattus sp. strain Wistar, Sprague-Dawley rat, Wistar rats, brown rat, laboratory rat, rat, rats, zitter rats
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