GroEL chaperonin; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions.

Molecular chaperone, Hsp70 family.

GRPE protein; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent i [...]

Co-chaperonin GroES; Binds to Cpn60 in the presence of Mg-ATP and suppresses the ATPase activity of the latter.

Siderophore biosynthesis protein.

Heat shock chaperone; ATPase subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex; this subunit has chaperone activity. The binding of ATP and its subsequent hydrolysis by HslU are essential for unfolding of protein substrates subsequently hydrolyzed by HslV. HslU recognizes the N-terminal part of its protein substrates and unfolds these before they are guided to HslV for hydrolysis.

ATP-dependent protease LA; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short- lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner.

RNA polymerase sigma-32 factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of expression of heat shock genes.