grpE protein; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent i [...]

Chaperonin, 60 kDa; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions.

Heat shock protein HslU; ATPase subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex; this subunit has chaperone activity. The binding of ATP and its subsequent hydrolysis by HslU are essential for unfolding of protein substrates subsequently hydrolyzed by HslV. HslU recognizes the N-terminal part of its protein substrates and unfolds these before they are guided to HslV for hydrolysis.

Chaperonin, 10 kDa; Binds to Cpn60 in the presence of Mg-ATP and suppresses the ATPase activity of the latter.

Conserved hypothetical protein; Identified by Glimmer2; putative.

ATP-dependent Clp protease, ATP-binding subunit ClpB; Part of a stress-induced multi-chaperone system, it is involved in the recovery of the cell from heat-induced damage, in cooperation with DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE. Acts before DnaK, in the processing of protein aggregates. Protein binding stimulates the ATPase activity; ATP hydrolysis unfolds the denatured protein aggregates, which probably helps expose new hydrophobic binding sites on the surface of ClpB-bound aggregates, contributing to the solubilization and refolding of denatured protein aggregates by DnaK (By similarity). Belongs to [...]

Heat shock sigma factor RpoH; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of expression of heat shock genes.

ATP-dependent protease LA; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short- lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner (By similarity). CcrM is an important target of the Lon protease pathway in C.crescentus (By similarity).

Heat shock protein HslV; Protease subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex believed to be a general protein degrading machinery.