Lactate racemization operon protein LarE; Involved in the biosynthesis of a nickel-pincer cofactor ((SCS)Ni(II) pincer complex). Catalyzes the ATP-dependent incorporation of two sulfur atoms in pyridinium-3,5-biscarboxylic acid mononucleotide (P2CMN) to yield pyridinium-3,5-bisthiocarboxylic acid mononucleotide (P2TMN). The source of sulfur is the enzyme itself: Cys-176 of LarE is the sulfur donor, thereby being converted into dehydroalanine, and is not regenerated in vivo. Thus, two molecules of LarE undergo sacrificial sulfur transfer to create one P2TMN. Binds nickel. Is required fo [...]

Lactate racemization operon protein LarB; Involved in the biosynthesis of a nickel-pincer cofactor ((SCS)Ni(II) pincer complex). Carboxylates the pyridinium ring of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) and cleaves the phosphoanhydride bond to release AMP and generate pyridinium-3,5- biscarboxylic acid mononucleotide (P2CMN). LarB can hydrolyze NaAD directly or it first forms an adduct with NaAD that releases AMP and reacts with bicarbonate/CO2 to generate P2CMN. Is required for the activation of the lactate racemase LarA. May also be involved in the activation of other nickel-pin [...]

Lactate racemization operon protein LarA; Catalyzes the interconversion between the D- and L-isomers of lactate. May act as a rescue enzyme to ensure D-lactate production in physiological conditions where its production by the D-lactate dehydrogenase LdhD is not sufficient. D-Lactate is absolutely required for growth of L.plantarum and is an essential component of the cell wall peptidoglycan in this species, where it is incorporated as the last residue of the muramoyl-pentadepsipeptide peptidoglycan precursor; its incorporation confers high level of vancomycin resistance.

Transcription regulator, Crp/FNR family; Positive transcriptional regulator that is absolutely required for the expression of lactate racemase (Lar) activity. Controls Lar expression by sensing the L-/D-lactate ration. Binds to a 16-bp palindromic sequence (Lar box motif) that is present in the larR- larA intergenic region, allowing transcription of the larABCDE operon.

Glycerol uptake facilitator protein; Transporter that facilitates the transmembrane diffusion of D/L-lactic acid. Is involved in the cellular racemization of lactate and lactate metabolism. The transported molecule is indeed lactic acid and not the lactate anion, in agreement with the assumption that, with very few exceptions, MIPs (major intrinsic proteins) only facilitate the transport of uncharged solutes. Also facilitates urea and H(2)O(2) diffusion across membranes, but is not permeable to water, glycerol and dihydroxyacetone; Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.

Cobalt ABC transporter, permease protein; Probable transmembrane component of the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporter complex LarMNQO involved in nickel import.

Cobalt ABC transporter, substrate-binding protein; Probably part of the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporter complex LarMNQO involved in nickel import. Belongs to the CbiM family. NikM subfamily.

Cobalt ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein; Probable ATP-binding component of the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporter complex LarMNQO involved in nickel import. LarO is presumably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system.

CTP synthase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen. Regulates intracellular CTP levels through interactions with the four ribonucleotide triphosphates.