ATP-dependent Clp protease, ATP-binding subunit ClpB; Part of a stress-induced multi-chaperone system, it is involved in the recovery of the cell from heat-induced damage, in cooperation with DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE. Acts before DnaK, in the processing of protein aggregates. Protein binding stimulates the ATPase activity; ATP hydrolysis unfolds the denatured protein aggregates, which probably helps expose new hydrophobic binding sites on the surface of ClpB-bound aggregates, contributing to the solubilization and refolding of denatured protein aggregates by DnaK (By similarity). Belongs to [...]

Chaperone, heat shock protein DnaK; Acts as a chaperone; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.

ATP-dependent Clp protease, ATP-binding subunit ClpC; Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family.

GroEL chaperonin; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions.

Endopeptidase Clp, proteolytic subunit; Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins. Belongs to the peptidase S14 family.

ATP-dependent Clp protease, ATP-binding subunit ClpL; Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family.

Heat shock protein GrpE; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP- [...]

ATP-dependent protease HslV; Protease subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex believed to be a general protein degrading machinery.

ATP-dependent Hsl protease, ATP-binding subunit HslU; ATPase subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex; this subunit has chaperone activity. The binding of ATP and its subsequent hydrolysis by HslU are essential for unfolding of protein substrates subsequently hydrolyzed by HslV. HslU recognizes the N-terminal part of its protein substrates and unfolds these before they are guided to HslV for hydrolysis.