Inner spore coat protein; Essential for the localization of CwlJ in the spore coat and for spore germination triggered by calcium and dipicolinic acid (DPA). Its assembly into the spore coat is dependent on the coat morphogenetic proteins CotE and SpoIVA.

Morphogenetic spore protein (stage VI sporulation); Required for assembly of a normal spore coat. May be a component of the innermost layer of the spore coat that aids in its adherence to the prespore.

Transcriptional regulator; Involved in the regulation of spore formation. Directs the transcription of several genes that encode structural components of the protein coat that encases the mature spore (CotB, CotC, CotG, CotS, CotV, CotW, CotX, CotY and CotZ). Controls also the cgeAB and cgeCDE operons.

Morphogenic spore protein; Morphogenic protein required for the assembly of the outer coat of the endospore. Is also a regulatory protein for the expression of cotA, cotB, cotC, cotH and other genes encoding spore outer coat proteins.

Stage III sporulation ratchet engulfment protein; Involved in forespore engulfment. Forms a channel with SpoIIIAH that is open on the forespore end and closed (or gated) on the mother cell end. This allows sigma-E-directed gene expression in the mother-cell compartment of the sporangium to trigger the activation of sigma-G forespore-specific gene expression by a pathway of intercellular signaling.

Forespore protein required for alternative engulfment; Involved in forespore engulfment and required for anchoring membrane proteins on the forespore side of the septal membrane. Forms a channel with SpoIIIAH that is open on the forespore end and closed (or gated) on the mother cell end. This allows sigma-E-directed gene expression in the mother-cell compartment of the sporangium to trigger the activation of sigma-G forespore-specific gene expression by a pathway of intercellular signaling.

Regulator of SpoIVFB (stage IV sporulation); Implicated in the coupling of mother cell to forespore gene expression. Required for spore formation at 37 degrees Celsius, but not at 30 degrees Celsius. SpoIVFA plays a central role in both maintaining the SpoIVFA/BofA/SpoIVFB complex and anchoring it to the outer forespore membrane. SpoIVFA brings BofA into close proximity to SpoIVFB, allowing BofA to inhibit SpoIVFB. Increased accumulation of SpoIVFA seems to inhibit the activity of SpoIVFB and thus regulates the activation of sigma-K.

SpoIIAA-phosphate serine phosphatase; Normally needed for pro-sigma E processing during sporulation but can be bypassed in vegetative cells. Activates SpoIIAA by dephosphorylation.

Protein required for the switch from F to G during sporulation (anti sigma F); An anti-sigma factor for sporulation specific sigma-F factor, by antagonizing sigma-F it allows the switch to sigma-G factor and progression to the late sporulation development stages. Might stabilize or process Holliday junction intermediates, although this may be due to polar effects on the downstream mfd gene.