Chaperonin large subunit; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions.

Co-factor of molecular chaperone; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent interactions betwe [...]

Nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK activity; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. S [...]

Transcriptional regulator of heat-shock genes; Negative regulator of class I heat shock genes (grpE-dnaK- dnaJ and groELS operons). Prevents heat-shock induction of these operons.

Class III heat-shock protein (molecular chaperone); Molecular chaperone. Has ATPase activity.

Class III stress response-related ATPase, AAA+ superfamily; Competence gene repressor; required for cell growth at high temperature. Negative regulator of comK expression. May interact with MecA to negatively regulate comK; Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family. ClpC subfamily.

ATP-dependent Clp protease (class III stress gene); ATPase essential both for efficient CtsR-dependent gene derepression during heat stress and for rerepression. Together with ClpP, degrades the global regulator CtsR after heat shock. Is also involved in disaggregation of heat-denatured proteins. Has thus a role in overall protein quality control in response to heat stress.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Involved in the gluconeogenesis. Catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) using the cofactor NADP. The first reaction step involves the formation of a hemiacetal intermediate between G3P and a cysteine residue, and this hemiacetal intermediate is then oxidized to a thioester, with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. The reduced NADPH is then exchanged with the second NADP, and the thioester is attacked by a nucleophilic inorganic phosphate to produce BPG; Belongs to the gl [...]