RNA polymerase, beta subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

Heat shock protein dnaJ (HSP40) (chaperone protein); Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent [...]

RNA polymerase, beta prime subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

DNA-directed RNA polymerase omega chain (transcriptase omega chain) (RNA polymerase omega subunit); Promotes RNA polymerase assembly. Latches the N- and C- terminal regions of the beta' subunit thereby facilitating its interaction with the beta and alpha subunits.

60 kDa chaperonin (protein Cpn60) (GroEL protein); Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions.

Chaperone protein (heat shock protein 70) (heat shock 70 kDa protein) (HSP70); Acts as a chaperone; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.

DNA gyrase subunit B; A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate DNA topology and maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. Negative supercoiling favors strand separation, and DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair, all of which involve strand separation. Also able to catalyze the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes and knotted rings. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP-dependent manner.

Transcription antitermination factor; Participates in transcription elongation, termination and antitermination. In the absence of Rho, increases the rate of transcription elongation by the RNA polymerase (RNAP), probably by partially suppressing pausing. In the presence of Rho, modulates most Rho-dependent termination events by interacting with the RNAP to render the complex more susceptible to the termination activity of Rho. May be required to overcome a kinetic limitation of Rho to function at certain terminators. Also involved in ribosomal RNA transcriptional antitermination; Belo [...]