Chaperonin GroES1, cpn10; Binds to Cpn60 in the presence of Mg-ATP and suppresses the ATPase activity of the latter.

Heat shock protein DnaK (70); Acts as a chaperone; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.

Heat shock protein DnaJ (40); Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent interactions between D [...]

Possible heat shock protein (HSP-70 COFACTOR), grpE; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction c [...]

Heat shock protein HslU, proteasome-related ATPase subunit; ATPase subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex; this subunit has chaperone activity. The binding of ATP and its subsequent hydrolysis by HslU are essential for unfolding of protein substrates subsequently hydrolyzed by HslV. HslU recognizes the N-terminal part of its protein substrates and unfolds these before they are guided to HslV for hydrolysis.

Heat shock protein HtpG; Molecular chaperone. Has ATPase activity.

Chaperonin GroEL1, cpn60; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions.

Heat shock protein HslV, proteasome-related peptidase subunit; Protease subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex believed to be a general protein degrading machinery.

ATP-dependent protease Lon; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short- lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner.