Multi-sensor signal transduction histidine kinase.

Two component, sigma54 specific, transcriptional regulator, Fis family.

Signal Transduction Histidine Kinase (STHK) with CheB and CheR activity; Involved in chemotaxis. Part of a chemotaxis signal transduction system that modulates chemotaxis in response to various stimuli. Catalyzes the demethylation of specific methylglutamate residues introduced into the chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins or MCP) by CheR. Also mediates the irreversible deamidation of specific glutamine residues to glutamic acid. Belongs to the CheB family.

Sigma-54 (RpoN); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released.

Potassium uptake protein.

Glutamate-ammonia-ligase adenylyltransferase; Involved in the regulation of glutamine synthetase GlnA, a key enzyme in the process to assimilate ammonia. When cellular nitrogen levels are high, the C-terminal adenylyl transferase (AT) inactivates GlnA by covalent transfer of an adenylyl group from ATP to specific tyrosine residue of GlnA, thus reducing its activity. Conversely, when nitrogen levels are low, the N-terminal adenylyl removase (AR) activates GlnA by removing the adenylyl group by phosphorolysis, increasing its activity. The regulatory region of GlnE binds the signal transd [...]

Nitrogen regulatory protein P-II (GlnB, GlnK); P-II indirectly controls the transcription of the glutamine synthetase gene (glnA). P-II prevents NR-II-catalyzed conversion of NR- I to NR-I-phosphate, the transcriptional activator of glnA. When P-II is uridylylated to P-II-UMP, these events are reversed. When the ratio of Gln to 2-ketoglutarate decreases, P-II is uridylylated to P-II-UMP, which causes the deadenylation of glutamine synthetase, so activating the enzyme; Belongs to the P(II) protein family.

GlnB (protein PII) uridylyltransferase, GlnD; Modifies, by uridylylation and deuridylylation, the PII regulatory proteins (GlnB and homologs), in response to the nitrogen status of the cell that GlnD senses through the glutamine level. Under low glutamine levels, catalyzes the conversion of the PII proteins and UTP to PII-UMP and PPi, while under higher glutamine levels, GlnD hydrolyzes PII-UMP to PII and UMP (deuridylylation). Thus, controls uridylylation state and activity of the PII proteins, and plays an important role in the regulation of nitrogen fixation and metabolism.

RNA-binding protein Hfq; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Also binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Belongs to the Hfq family.