Autophagy-related protein 9; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Required for mitophagy. Cycles between the PAS and the cytoplasmic vesicle pool and may participate in supplying membrane for the growing autophagosome. Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-specific autophagic process and is essential for the survival of cells subjected to severe ER stress. Different machinerie [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and found to be essential in autophagy, where it is required for the formation of autophagosomes. Involved in the clearance of protein aggregates which cannot be efficiently cleared by the proteasome. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing [...]

Autophagy-related protein 13; Activates the ATG1 kinase in a nutritional condition dependent manner through the TOR pathway, leading to autophagy. Also involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and more specifically in Cvt vesicle formation. Seems to play a role in the switching machinery regulating the conversion between the Cvt pathway and autophagy. Finally, ATG13 is also required for glycogen storage during stationary phase (By similarity); Belongs to the ATG13 family. Fungi subfamily.

Autophagy-related protein 20; Required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), pexophagy and mitophagy. Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-specific autophagic process and is essential for the survival of cells subjected to severe ER stress. Functions in protein retrieval from the endocytic pathway (By similarity).

Autophagy-related protein 18; The PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex regulates both the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2). Necessary for proper vacuole morphology. Plays an important role in osmotically-induced vacuole fragmentation. Required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation, pexophagy and starvation- induced autophagy. Involved in correct ATG9 trafficking to the pre- autophagosomal structure. Might also be involved in premeiotic DNA replication (By similarity).

Sorting nexin-4; Sorting nexin, involved in the separation or division of vacuoles throughout the entire life cycle of the cells. Involved in retrieval of late-Golgi SNAREs from post-Golgi endosomes to the trans- Golgi network, for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), mitophagy, and pexophagy (By similarity).

Autophagy-related protein 17; Autophagy-specific protein that functions in response to autophagy-inducing signals as a scaffold to recruit other ATG proteins to organize pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) formation. Modulates the timing and magnitude of the autophagy response, such as the size of the sequestering vesicles. Plays particularly a role in pexophagy and nucleophagy (By similarity); Belongs to the ATG17 family.

Autophagy-related protein 8; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in autophagosomes formation. With ATG4, mediates the delivery of the autophagosomes to the vacuole via the microtubule cytoskeleton. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Participates also in membrane fusion events that take place in the early secretory pathway. Also involved [...]

Autophagy-related protein; Vacuolar effluxer which mediate the efflux of amino acids resulting from autophagic degradation. The release of autophagic amino acids allows the maintenance of protein synthesis and viability during nitrogen starvation; Belongs to the ATG22 family.