Molecular chaperone GrpE; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP [...]

Peptidase; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short- lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner.

Molecular chaperone GroEL; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions.

Chaperonin; Binds to Cpn60 in the presence of Mg-ATP and suppresses the ATPase activity of the latter.

Molecular chaperone DnaJ; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent interactions between DnaJ, [...]

Transcriptional repressor CodY; DNA-binding protein that represses the expression of many genes that are induced as cells make the transition from rapid exponential growth to stationary phase. It is a GTP-binding protein that senses the intracellular GTP concentration as an indicator of nutritional limitations. At low GTP concentration it no longer binds GTP and stop to act as a transcriptional repressor; Belongs to the CodY family.

Recombinase XerC; Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. The XerC- XerD complex is essential to convert dimers of the bacterial chromosome into monomers to permit their segregation at cell division. It also contributes to the segregational stability of plasmids.

Molecular chaperone Hsp33; Redox regulated molecular chaperone. Protects both thermally unfolding and oxidatively damaged proteins from irreversible aggregation. Plays an important role in the bacterial defense system toward oxidative stress.

tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the folate-dependent formation of 5-methyl-uridine at position 54 (M-5-U54) in all tRNAs; Belongs to the MnmG family. TrmFO subfamily.