RxLR effector protein SFI3; Effector that suppresses flg22-induced post-translational MAP kinase activation in potato and tomato, but not in Arabidopsis. The perception of highly conserved pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs), such as flg22, triggers converging signaling pathways recruiting MAP kinase cascades and inducing transcriptional re-programming, yielding a generic antimicrobial response. Does not suppress programmed cell death triggered by the P.infestans elicitin infestin-1 (INF1), or by co-expression of tomato Cf4 with Cladosporium fulvum Avr4. Su [...]

RxLR effector protein SFI4; Effector that suppresses flg22-induced post-translational MAP kinase activation in tomato but not in Arabidopsis. The perception of highly conserved pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs), such as flg22, triggers converging signaling pathways recruiting MAP kinase cascades and inducing transcriptional re- programming, yielding a generic antimicrobial response.

RxLR effector protein SFI6; Effector that suppresses flg22-induced post-translational MAP kinase activation in tomato but not in Arabidopsis. The perception of highly conserved pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs), such as flg22, triggers converging signaling pathways recruiting MAP kinase cascades and inducing transcriptional re- programming, yielding a generic antimicrobial response.

RxLR effector protein SFI7; Effector that suppresses flg22-induced post-translational MAP kinase activation in tomato but not in Arabidopsis. The perception of highly conserved pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs), such as flg22, triggers converging signaling pathways recruiting MAP kinase cascades and inducing transcriptional re- programming, yielding a generic antimicrobial response. Also partially attenuates INF1-triggered cell death.

RxLR effector protein PexRD2; Effector that enhances P.infestans colonization of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Induces a weak Cell death response in N. benthamiana. PexRD2-induced cell death is dependent on SGT1, suggesting that PexRD2 is recognized by the plant immune system. Interacts with the kinase domain of the host MAPKKK epsilon, a positive regulator of cell death associated with plant immunity, and perturbs signaling pathways triggered by MAPKKK epsilon.

RxLR effector protein Avr1; Secreted effector that acts as an elicitor of hypersensitive response (HR) specifically on plants carrying defense protein R1, through its interaction with this protein. Acts also as a virulence factor that promotes colonization and suppresses cell death induced by CRN2 as well as callose deposition, a hallmark of basal defense. Interacts with host exocyst component Sec5 and thereby disturbs vesicle trafficking, a cellular process that is important for basal defense. By targeting and stabilizing Sec5 in the cytoplasm, the exocyst complex is thus out of balan [...]

RxLR effector protein Avr4; Secreted effector that acts as an elicitor of hypersensitive response (HR) specifically on plants carrying defense protein R4, through its interaction with this protein ; Belongs to the RxLR effector family.

RxLR effector protein Avr3a; Multifunctional effector that can suppress host BAK1/SERK3- mediated immunity through at least two different pathways. Manipulates plant immunity by targeting and stabilizing host E3 ligase CMPG1. By preventing the normal 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of potato CMPG1, and thus potentially of its protein substrates in the host cell, Avr3a further abolishes host cell death during the biotrophic phase of infection. Associates with and affects also the function of the dynamin-related protein 2 (DRP2), a plant GTPase involved in immune receptor-mediated e [...]