Autophagy-related protein 9; Transmembrane protein involved in forming Cvt and autophagic vesicles; cycles between the phagophore assembly site (PAS) and other cytosolic punctate structures, not found in autophagosomes; may be involved in membrane delivery to the PAS; Belongs to the ATG9 family.

Autophagy-related protein 2; Peripheral membrane protein required for autophagic vesicle formation; also required for vesicle formation during pexophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vaucole targeting (Cvt) pathway; involved in Atg9p cycling between the phagophore assembly site and mitochondria; contains an APT1 domain that binds phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress.

Autophagy-related protein 18; Phosphoinositide binding protein; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; binds both phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; WD-40 repeat protein; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; has 4 mammalian homologs WIPI1, WIPI2, WIPI3 and WIPI4/WDR45; mutations in human WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood.

Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway; conserved; conjugated to Atg5p to form a complex involved in Atg8p lipidation; Atg5p-Atg12p conjugate enhances E2 activity of Atg3p by rearranging its catalytic site, also forms a complex with Atg16p; the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex binds to membranes and is essential for autophagosome formation.

Autophagy-related protein 8; Component of autophagosomes and Cvt vesicles; regulator of Atg1p, targets it to autophagosomes; binds the Atg1p-Atg13p complex, triggering its vacuolar degradation; unique ubiquitin-like protein whose conjugation target is lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); Atg8p-PE is anchored to membranes, is involved in phagophore expansion, and may mediate membrane fusion during autophagosome formation; deconjugation of Atg8p-PE is required for efficient autophagosome biogenesis.

Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 30; Subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase complexes I and II; Complex I is essential in autophagy, Complex II is required for vacuolar protein sorting; required for overflow degradation of misfolded proteins when ERAD is saturated; C-terminus has novel globular fold essential for autophagy through the targeting of the PI3-kinase complex I to the pre-autophagosomal structure; ortholog of higher eukaryote gene Beclin 1; human BECN1 can complement yeast null mutant.

Sorting nexin; involved in retrieval of late-Golgi SNAREs from post-Golgi endosomes to the trans-Golgi network and in cytoplasm to vacuole transport; contains a PX phosphoinositide-binding domain; forms complexes with Snx41p and with Atg20p.

Autophagy-related protein 19; Receptor protein for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; delivers cargo proteins aminopeptidase I (Ape1p) and alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p) to the phagophore assembly site for packaging into Cvt vesicles; interaction with Atg19p during the Cvt pathway requires phosphorylation by Hrr25p.

Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; Autophagy-related protein and dual specificity member of the E1 family; mediates the attachment of Atg12p to Atg5p and Atg8p to phosphatidylethanolamine which are required steps in autophagosome formation; E1 enzymes are also known as ubiquitin-activating enzymes; involved in methionine restriction extension of chronological lifespan in an autophagy-dependent manner; Belongs to the ATG7 family.