Modulator of gene expression, with H-NS; Down-regulates hemolysin (hly) expression in complex with H- NS. Stimulates transposition events in vivo. Modifies the set of genes regulated by H-NS; Hha and Cnu (YdgT) increase the number of genes DNA bound by H-NS/StpA and may also modulate the oligomerization of the H-NS/StpA-complex. Binds DNA and influences DNA topology in response to environmental stimuli; does not however interact with DNA in the absence of H-NS. Involved in persister cell formation, acting downstream of mRNA interferase (toxin) MqsR. Decreases biofilm formation by repre [...]

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator H-NS; A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression (silencing). Also involved in bacterial chromosome organization and compaction. H-NS binds tightly to AT-rich dsDNA and inhibits transcription. Binds upstream and downstream of initiating RNA polymerase, trapping it in a loop and preventing transcription. Binds to hundreds of sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Many of these loci were horizontally transferred (HTG); this offers the selectiv [...]

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.

Global sRNA chaperone; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Involved in the regulation of stress responses mediated by the sigma factors RpoS, sigma-E and sigma-32. Binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Binds sRNA antitoxin RalA. In vitro, stimulates synthesis of long tails by poly(A) polymerase I. Required for RNA phage Qbeta replication. Seems to play a role in persister cell formation; upon overexpression decreases pers [...]

FtsZ stabilizer, septal ring assembly factor, cell division stimulator; Non-essential, abundant cell division factor that is required for proper Z-ring formation. It is recruited early to the divisome by direct interaction with FtsZ, stimulating Z-ring assembly and thereby promoting cell division earlier in the cell cycle. Its recruitment to the Z-ring requires functional FtsA or ZipA. Belongs to the ZapB family.

DUF1049 family inner membrane protein, function unknown; Involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Belongs to the LapA family.

Global transcription factor; A global transcription factor. Activates transcription of the 9 following operons; yjjQ-bglJ, yjjP, acrEF, ybdO, yjcRQP, casABCDE12, rhsD-ybbC, fepE and gltF, in most cases it probably interferes with silencing by H-NS and activates transcription. Represses transcription of the 3 following operons; uxaCA, sdaCB and btsT. H-NS repression of the bgl operon, leading to the ability to metabolize some beta- glucosides. It also directly activates the bgl operon. Activation is H- NS and BglJ-RcsB independent.

Leucine-responsive global transcriptional regulator; Mediates a global response to leucine. Exogenous leucine affects the expression of a number of different operons; lrp mediates this effect for at least some of these operons. For example it is regulator of the branched-chain amino acid transport genes.

Periplasmic membrane-anchored LPS-binding protein; Involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Required for the translocation of LPS from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. Facilitates the transfer of LPS from the inner membrane to the periplasmic protein LptA. Could be a docking site for LptA. Belongs to the LptC family.