DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in untargeted mutagenesis. Copies undamaged DNA at stalled replication forks, which arise in vivo from mismatched or misaligned primer ends. These misaligned primers can be extended by PolIV. Exhibits no 3'-5' exonuclease (proofreading) activity. May be involved in translesional synthesis, in conjunction with the beta clamp from PolIII.

Conserved hypothetical protein, has weak homlogs in the Database. TrEMBL;Q88I83(25% Identity). gi|46140644|ref|ZP_00152253.2|, 30% Identity to Dechloromonas aromatica RCB,Nucleotidyltransferase/DNA polymerase involved in DNA repair Has PF00817,impB/mucB/samB family; IPR001126, UMUC_like; These proteins are involved in UV protection.In Escherichia coli, UV and many chemicals appear to cause mutagenesis by a process of translesion synthesis that requires DNA polymerase III and the SOS-regulated proteins UmuD, UmuC and RecA. This machinery allows the replication to continue through DNA le [...]

Putative DNA-directed polymerase III; Excinuclease cho (EC 3.1.25.-) (Endonuclease cho) (UvrC homolog protein). Incises the DNA at the 3 side of a lesion during nucleotide excision repair. Incises the DNA farther away from the lesion than uvrC. Not able to incise the 5 site of a lesion. When a lesion remains because uvrC is not able to induce the 3 incision cho incises the DNA. Then uvrC makes the 5 incision. The combined action of cho and uvrC broadens the substrate range of nucleotide excision repair (By similarity); Specificity unclear.

Holliday junction DNA helicase; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. RuvA stimulates, in the presence of DNA, the weak ATPase activity of RuvB.

DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Confers DNA tethering and processivity to DNA polymerases and other proteins. Acts as a clamp, forming a ring around DNA (a reaction catalyzed by the clamp-loading complex) which diffuses in an ATP- independent manner freely and bidirectionally along dsDNA. Initially characterized for its ability to contact the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase III (Pol III), a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria; Pol III exhibits 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity. The beta chain is required for initiation of repl [...]

ATP-dependent exoDNAse beta subunit; A helicase/nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a highly rapid and processive ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase activity. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator) sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to the Chi site. The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-altered holoenzyme produces a long 3'-ssDNA overhang and facilitates RecA-binding to the ssDNA for homologous DNA recombination and rep [...]

DNA repair protein; May be involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA.

DNA polymerase III, alpha subunit, putative; DNA polymerase involved in damage-induced mutagenesis and translesion synthesis (TLS). It is not the major replicative DNA polymerase.

Multidrug resistance protein; The MATE family consists of probable efflux proteins including a functionally characterized multi drug efflux system from Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a putative ethionine resistance protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and the functionally uncharacterized DNA damage-inducible protein F (DinF) of E. coli. Functions as a Na(+)/drug antiporter. These proteins have 12 probable TMS,TREMBL:Q7NXN3 (35% identity); SWISSPROT:Q9K015 (32% identity). Pfam (UPF0013): Uncharacterized membrane protein family. TIGRFAM (TIGR00797): matE. TMHMM reporting 11 transmembrane helice [...]