DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

RNA chaperone Hfq; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Also binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Belongs to the Hfq family.

DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta' subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

RNA polymerase, sigma 70 subunit, RpoD; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the primary sigma factor during exponential growth.

DNA-directed RNA polymerase, alpha subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

Transcription elongation factor GreA; Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites. The arresting sites in DNA have the property of trapping a certain fraction of elongating RNA polymerases that pass through, resulting in locked ternary complexes. Cleavage of the nascent transcript by cleavage factors such as GreA or GreB allows the resumption of elongation from the new 3'terminus. GreA releases sequences of 2 to 3 nucleotides.

Glutamyl/glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, class Ic, catalytic domain protein; Catalyzes the tRNA-independent activation of glutamate in presence of ATP and the subsequent transfer of glutamate onto a tRNA(Asp). Glutamate is transferred on the 2-amino-5-(4,5-dihydroxy-2- cyclopenten-1-yl) moiety of the queuosine in the wobble position of the QUC anticodon; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. GluQ subfamily.

Carbon storage regulator, CsrA; A key translational regulator that binds mRNA to regulate translation initiation and/or mRNA stability. Mediates global changes in gene expression, shifting from rapid growth to stress survival by linking envelope stress, the stringent response and the catabolite repression systems. Usually binds in the 5'-UTR; binding at or near the Shine-Dalgarno sequence prevents ribosome-binding, repressing translation, binding elsewhere in the 5'-UTR can activate translation and/or stabilize the mRNA. Its function is antagonized by small RNA(s).