STRINGSTRING
STRING protein interaction network
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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[Homology]
Score
TolloToll-like receptor Tollo; Toll-related receptor. Probably specific to larval innate immunity. Involved in the tracheal immune response of larvae to Gram-negative and perhaps Gram-positive bacteria; upon infection it negatively regulates the immune deficiency (Imd) signaling cascade specifically in the respiratory epithelium to prevent the overexpression of antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Involved in the NF-kappa-B-dependent apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition. Involved in neuron-specific glycosylation. Positively controls the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) growth in presynapti [...] (1346 aa)    
Predicted Functional Partners:
spz3
Protein spaetzle 3; Neurotrophin which may function as a ligand to the Toll- related receptor Tollo. Involved in a Tollo and JNK signaling pathway that positively regulates neuromuscular junction (NMJ) growth in presynaptic motorneurons. May function by activating Tollo to promote the phosphorylation of JNK.
   
  
 0.810
Cirl
Latrophilin Cirl; Latrotoxin receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor activity; carbohydrate binding; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. LN-TM7 subfamily.
   
 
 0.737
NT1
Neurotrophin 1; Neurotrophin which may function as a ligand for the Toll- related receptors Toll-7 and Tollo. Binds to Toll-7 and probably acts as its ligand in promoting motor axon targeting and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). Involved in synaptic targeting of ISNb/d motorneurons and also some SNa motorneurons. In larvae, involved in the negative regulation of the tracheal immune response to bacterial infection perhaps by acting as a ligand for the Toll-related receptor Tollo. May be involved in the normal development of specific neurons at the neuromuscular junction.
    
 
 0.734
Myd88
Myd88 (Myd88) encodes an adaptor protein involved in in the Toll pathway functioning downstream of the product of Tl and upstream of the product of tub. Toll pathway is a signaling cascade that plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorsoventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides.
   
 
 0.717
spz
Protein spaetzle C-106; Spatzle (spz) encodes a secreted protein which, after cleavage by an extracellular serine protease (encoded by ea or SPE), can induce the dimerization of the product of Tl, and the subsequent activation of the Toll pathway. It contributes to function of the Toll signaling cascade, which plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorso-ventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides.
   
 
 0.668
Rel
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p110 subunit; Plays a key role in the humoral immune response. Rel-p68 subunit translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene and probably other antimicrobial peptide genes. I-kappa-B kinase complex (IKKbeta and key) and PGRP-LC are essential signaling components in transmitting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal leading to cact degradation for NF-kappa-B (rel) activation. Part of a Toll-related receptor pathway that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition. May be part of a NF-kappa-B and Tollo sig [...]
    
 
 0.618
Sarm
NAD(+) hydrolase sarm1; NAD(+) hydrolase, which plays a key role in axonal degeneration following injury by regulating NAD(+) metabolism. Acts as a negative regulator of MYD88- and TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway by promoting Wallerian degeneration, an injury-induced form of programmed subcellular death which involves degeneration of an axon distal to the injury site. Wallerian degeneration is triggered by NAD(+) depletion: in response to injury, it is activated and catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR), cyclic ADPR (cADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+) c [...]
      
 0.601
Traf6
TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6) encodes a protein that belongs to a family of adaptor proteins involved in transducing downstream signaling by interacting with cell surface receptors. It mediates the pro-inflammatory effects of Toll and related receptor signaling, and the cell death induced by JNK activation via the product of egr.
   
 
 0.594
Dif
Dorsal-related immunity factor Dif; Mediates an immune response in larvae. DIF binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of the immunity gene CECA1. Involved in the melanization immune response to bacterial challenge, possibly by acting in a Toll signaling pathway that downregulates Spn27A in response to infection. Part of a signaling pathway involving NF-kappa-B (rel) and Toll-related receptors, that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition. May be part of a NF-kappa-B and Tollo signaling cascade that regulates dev [...]
   
 
 0.527
imd
Protein immune deficiency; Essential for the imd/NF-kappa-B (Imd) humoral and epithelial immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Functions as an adapter protein that transduces immunity signals from the activation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) by bacterial infection to the Imd signaling pathway. Binding of diaminopimelic acid-type (DAP-type) bacterial peptidoglycans (PGN) causes multimerization or clustering of PGRP receptors which activate the Imd cascade probably by recruiting imd, Fadd and Dredd to the receptor complex. Once in proximity, Dredd cleaves imd in a Fadd-de [...]
      
 0.505
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
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