Protein kinase C, eye isozyme; This is a calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent, serine- and threonine-specific enzyme. This isozyme is a negative regulator of the visual transduction cascade and has been shown to be required for photoreceptor cell inactivation and light adaptation. Negative regulation is dependent on interaction with scaffolding protein inaD. Acts in a hh-signaling pathway which regulates the Duox- dependent gut immune response to bacterial uracil; required for the activation of Cad99C and consequently Cad99C-dependent endosome formation, which is essential for the [...]

Opsin Rh1; Neither inactivation nor afterpotential E (ninaE) encodes a protein that plays a major role in light detection and vision. It is the rhodopsin expressed in the largest class of photoreceptors in the adult retina. The stimulation by light of the product of ninaE induces G-protein signaling activation, the opening of the channels encoded by trp and trpl and photoreceptor cell membrane depolarization.

Rhodopsin 3 (Rh3) encodes a Rhodopsin GPCR protein that responds to UV light and activates the phototransduction cascade that leads to photoreceptor depolarization. Rh3 is expressed in R7 photoreceptors in a stochastic manner: 35% of R7 photoreceptors express Rh3 while the remaining 65% express another UV-sensitive Rhodopsin encoded by Rh4.

Opsin Rh4; Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal.

Inactivation-no-after-potential D protein; Involved in the negative feedback regulation of the light- activated signaling cascade in photoreceptors through a calcium- mediated process. Interacts with tetrapeptide ligand located in C- terminal sequence of 3 key components of the visual cascade, tethering them and forming a macromolecular signaling phototransduction complex.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2; G protein beta-subunit 76C (Gbeta76C) encodes a protein that forms a Gbeta-gamma complex that is anchored to the plasma membrane via lipid modification of the gamma-subunit. The Gbeta-gamma complex plays an essential role in phototransduction by presenting the Gqalpha-subunit to rhodopsin GPCRs for efficient activation, and preventing spontaneous GDP-GTP exchange on the Gqalpha-subunit.

Phosrestin-1; Arrestin 2 (Arr2) encodes a protein involved in rhodopsin inactivation that contributes to photoreceptor maintenance and smell and sound perception.

Calphotin (Cpn) encodes a glutamic acid-rich protein with a strong negative charge and a highly hydrophobic amino acid composition. It functions as an immobile Ca[2+] buffer along the base of the photoreceptor's microvilli. It protects the photoreceptor cells from Ca[2+] overload and light induced degeneration.

Pallbearer (pall) encodes an F-Box protein. In response to apoptosis, it translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of macrophages to promote apoptotic cell clearance by degrading the product of RpS6, and promote actin remodeling through activation of the product of Rac2.