STRINGSTRING
STRING protein interaction network
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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modSPModular serine protease non-catalytic chain; Serine protease that plays a key role in innate immunity by activating the Toll pathway in response to infection with Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. During Gram- positive infection, acts downstream of PGRP-SA and upstream of Grass and Spz, and therefore appears to function in a pathway that links detection of Gram-positive lysine-type peptidoglycans to Toll activation. Functions in a separate pathway to the psh-mediated activation of the Toll pathway. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (628 aa)    
Predicted Functional Partners:
GNBP3
Gram-negative bacteria binding protein 3 (GNBP3) encodes a hemolymphatic protein involved in the sensing of glucan (a fungal cell wall component) upstream of the Toll pathway.
   
 0.985
GNBP1
Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein 1; Plays a key role in innate immunity by acting as a pattern recognition receptor for beta-1,3-glucan from fungi and lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria. Upon recognition of invading micro-organism-derived products, acts upstream of protease spz processing enzyme SPE to activate the Toll pathway and to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides drosomycin, cecropin and attacin. Belongs to the insect beta-1,3-glucan binding protein family.
   
 0.984
PGRP-SA
Peptidoglycan-recognition protein SA; Peptidoglycan-recognition protein that plays a key role in innate immunity by binding to peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram-positive bacteria and activating the Toll pathway upstream of spz activating enzyme SPE. Has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Shows some partial redundancy with PRPGP-SD in Gram-positive bacteria recognition. May act by forming a complex with GNBP1 that activates the proteolytic cleavage of Spatzle and the subsequent activation of Toll pathway. Binds to diaminopimelic acid-type tetrapeptide PGN (DAP-type PGN) an [...]
 
   
 0.982
grass
Gram-positive Specific Serine protease (grass) encodes a secreted serine protease that is involved downstream of the microbial sensing receptors encoded by GNBP3 and PGRP-SA in the activation of the Toll pathway during the immune response. It functions downstream of the serine protease encoded by modSP and upstream of the enzyme encoded by SPE, which cleaves the product of spz; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily.
   
 
0.931
PGRP-SC1a
Peptidoglycan-recognition protein SC1a; N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase involved in innate immunity by degrading bacterial peptidoglycans (PGN). Plays a scavenger role by digesting biologically active PGN into biologically inactive fragments. Has no direct bacteriolytic activity; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family.
 
   
 0.927
PGRP-SC2
Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2 (PGRP-SC2) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with an amidase activity against peptidoglycans. It contributes to the down-regulation of the immune deficiency pathway, notably in the fat body during systemic bacterial infection.
 
   
 0.917
SPE
Spaetzle-processing enzyme heavy chain; Endopeptidase which plays a key role in innate immunity by cleaving Tl ligand spz and thereby activating the Toll pathway in response to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infections. Acts downstream of pathogen recognition receptors PGRP-SA and GNBP1 and protease grass in response to Gram-positive bacterial infection. Acts downstream of protease psh in response to fungal infection. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily.
 
 
  
 0.855
spz
Protein spaetzle C-106; Spatzle (spz) encodes a secreted protein which, after cleavage by an extracellular serine protease (encoded by ea or SPE), can induce the dimerization of the product of Tl, and the subsequent activation of the Toll pathway. It contributes to function of the Toll signaling cascade, which plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorso-ventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides.
    
 
 0.844
sphinx1
Sphinx1 (sphinx1) encodes a protein related to the serine protease homolog, which is strongly expressed in the male accessory gland.
      
 0.836
sphe
Spheroide (sphe) encodes a serine protein homologue, a serine protease with no catalytic activity.
      
 0.835
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
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