STRINGSTRING
STRING protein interaction network
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
Neighborhood
Gene Fusion
Cooccurrence
Coexpression
Experiments
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Textmining
[Homology]
Score
enSegmentation polarity homeobox protein engrailed; Engrailed (en) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that is essential for posterior compartment identity and for compartment boundary formation and maintenance. It positively regulates the hh gene and negatively regulates the Hedgehog targets encoded by ci, ptc and dpp. (552 aa)    
Predicted Functional Partners:
gro
Groucho (gro) encodes a global developmental co-repressor in conjunction with manifold DNA-binding repressor partner proteins, which tether it to target promoters. It functions downstream of key signaling pathways such as Wg/Wnt and Dpp/TGF-beta. Notably, phosphorylation of the product of gro in response to MAPK activation weakens its repressor capacity.
   
 
 0.873
exd
Homeobox protein extradenticle; Transcription factor which acts with the selector homeodomain proteins altering the regulation of downstream target genes such as wingless (wg), teashirt (tsh) and decapentaplegic (dpp), thus affecting segmental identity. Delimits the eye field and prevent inappropriate eye development. Required for proper localization of chordotonal organs within the peripheral nervous system.
    
 
 0.792
inv
Homeobox protein invected; Engrailed (en) and invected (inv) are functionally redundant transcription factors in neuronal precursor cell NB5-3 specification. Inv is unable to substitute for en in other regulatory processes such as maintaining gsb expression in the neuroectoderm after stage 10 of embryogenesis. Maintenance of gsb expression in row 5 of the neuroectoderm involves an as yet unidentified short range signaling molecule.
  
 
0.777
hth
Homeobox protein homothorax; All isoforms are required for patterning of the embryonic cuticle. Acts with exd to delimit the eye field and prevent inappropriate eye development. Isoforms that carry the homeodomain are required for proper localization of chordotonal organs within the peripheral nervous system and antennal identity; required to activate antennal-specific genes, such as sal and to repress the leg-like expression of dac. Necessary for the nuclear localization of the essential HOX cofactor, extradenticle (exd). Both necessary and sufficient for inner photoreceptors to adopt [...]
   
 
 0.693
wus
Wurst, isoform A; Wurst (wus) encodes a transmembrane protein essential for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It recruits the product of Hsc70-4 and clathrin to the apical cell membrane of epithelial cells. The endocytosis mediated by the product of wus is required for size determination and lumen clearance of the airways.
      
 0.630
X11Lbeta
X11Lbeta, isoform A; It is involved in the biological process described with: protein localization to membrane; chemical synaptic transmission.
      
 0.602
hh
Protein hedgehog C-product; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Establishes the anterior-posterior axis of the embryonic segments and patterns the larval imaginal disks. Binds to the patched (ptc) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (smo), to activate the transcription of target genes wingless (wg), decapentaplegic (dpp) and ptc. In the absence of hh, ptc represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (fu). Essential component of a signaling pathway which regulates the Duox-dependent gut immune r [...]
   
  
 0.511
unc79
Uncoordinated 79 (unc79) encodes a protein involved in circadian locomotor rhythms.
      
 0.499
ttk
Protein tramtrack, alpha isoform; Binds to a number of sites in the transcriptional regulatory region of ftz. Isoform alpha is required to repress genes that promote the R7 cell fate. Probable repressor of the transcription of the segmentation genes ftz, eve, h, odd, run, and en. May bind to the region 5'-AGGG[CT]GG-3'. Degradation of ttk is directed by binding of sinah or sina, via the adapter molecule phyl which binds to the BTB domain of ttk.
   
 
 0.489
Tl
Protein toll; Receptor for the cleaved activated form of spz, spaetzle C- 106. Binding to spaetzle C-106 activates the Toll signaling pathway and induces expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin. Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes dorsal-ventral polarity in the embryo. Promotes heterophilic cellular adhesion. Involved in synaptic targeting of motoneurons RP5 and V to muscle 12 (M12); functions as a repulsive cue inhibiting motoneuron synapse formation on muscle 13 (M13) to guide RP5 and V to the neighboring M12, where its expression is repressed by [...]
   
  
 0.443
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
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