Peptidoglycan-recognition protein LC; Major activator of the imd/Relish pathway and is likely to encode a pattern recognition molecule for the humoral immune response. Required for Relish processing and nuclear translocation following proteolytic cleavage. Involved in the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacteria. The different isoforms probably display different recognition capabilities to various microbial patterns. [Isoform x]: Mediates the response to LPS, peptidoglycan and Gram-negative bacteria; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amid [...]

Peptidoglycan recognition protein LB (PGRP-LB) encodes a secreted protein with an amidase activity that scavenges DAP-type peptidoglycan, a cell wall component found on Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram positive bacteria. It negatively regulates the immune deficiency pathway; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family.

Peptidoglycan-recognition protein LE; Peptidoglycan-recognition protein that plays a key role in innate immunity by binding to murein peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram- negative bacteria and activating the imd/Relish pathway. Has no activity against on Gram-positive bacteria. Binds to diaminopimelic acid-type PGN (DAP-type PGN), an activator of the imd/Relish pathway. Functions synergistically with PGRP-LC in producing resistance to E.coli and B.megaterium infections, which have the DAP-type peptidoglycan. Acts both upstream and in parallel with PGRP-LC in the imd/Relish pathway, and is req [...]

Thioester-containing protein 1; Endopeptidase inhibitor activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: innate immune response.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein SB2 (PGRP-SB2) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with amidase activity against DAP-type peptidoglycan, a cell wall component found on Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram positive bacteria. It is strongly induced upon bacterial infection by the immune deficiency pathway, suggesting a role as an immune effector.

Sc2; Oxidoreductase activity; oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors. It is involved in the biological process described with: very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process.

Protein immune deficiency; Essential for the imd/NF-kappa-B (Imd) humoral and epithelial immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Functions as an adapter protein that transduces immunity signals from the activation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) by bacterial infection to the Imd signaling pathway. Binding of diaminopimelic acid-type (DAP-type) bacterial peptidoglycans (PGN) causes multimerization or clustering of PGRP receptors which activate the Imd cascade probably by recruiting imd, Fadd and Dredd to the receptor complex. Once in proximity, Dredd cleaves imd in a Fadd-de [...]

Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein 1; Plays a key role in innate immunity by acting as a pattern recognition receptor for beta-1,3-glucan from fungi and lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria. Upon recognition of invading micro-organism-derived products, acts upstream of protease spz processing enzyme SPE to activate the Toll pathway and to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides drosomycin, cecropin and attacin. Belongs to the insect beta-1,3-glucan binding protein family.

Gram-negative bacteria binding protein 3 (GNBP3) encodes a hemolymphatic protein involved in the sensing of glucan (a fungal cell wall component) upstream of the Toll pathway.