P21-activated kinase (Pak) encodes a serine/threonine effector kinase for the small GTPases Rac and the product of Cdc42 involved in cytoskeletal regulation. The product of Pak contributes to growth cone guidance, synaptic development, and epithelial morphogenesis in both the ovary and embryo.

Stress-activated protein kinase JNK; Responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as Jra and also the transcriptional repressor aop, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. Component of the immune response activated by bacterial infection, and is involved in wound healing and in dorsal closure, a morphogenetic movement during embryogenesis. Functions in the systematic response to wounding acting downstream of the Hayan-phenoloxidase PPO1 cascade. Exhibits cytoprotective activity in neuronal c [...]

Trio, isoform A; Trio (trio) encodes a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates the Rho-family GTPases to regulate actin structure and cell adhesion. The GEF encoded by trio acts in several signaling pathways, including Abl tyrosine kinase and BMP signaling pathways. The product of trio is involved in neural wiring (axon and dendrite patterning and synaptogenesis) and muscle development.

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase; Pak3 (Pak3) encodes a Ser/Thr kinase implicated in myoblast fusion, synapse development, wound healing and border cell migration. It functions downstream of the small Rac GTPases to regulate actin cytoskeletal organization.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; Activates the JUN N-terminal pathway during dorsal closure.

Myoblast city (mbc) encodes an unconventional bipartite GEF that, in combination with the product of Ced-12, activates the monomeric GTPase encoded by Rac1. It contributes to myoblast fusion, border cell migration and dorsal closure; Belongs to the DOCK family.

Ras-related protein Rac1; During various developmental processes, regulates changes in cell morphology in response to extracellular signals. During oogenesis, mediates signaling from the tyrosine kinase (RTK) chemoattractant receptors (Egfr and Pvr) to the guidance pathway that control the directional persistent collective migration of the border cell (BC) cluster through the nurse cells to the oocyte. Once activating by Pvr and Egfr, promotes the formation of forward-directed actin protrusions which stabilize the DE- cadherin (shg)-mediated adhesions. In turn, DE-mediated adhesion bet [...]

WASp, isoform A; WASp (WASp) encodes the homolog of the conserved Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome family of nucleation promoting factors. It enables the Arp2/3 complex to nucleate polymerization of branched microfilament arrays. It contributes to gastrulation, myoblast fusion, synapse morphology at neuromuscular junctions, sensory organ development, and spermatogenesis.

Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Vav) encodes a protein that belongs to the Dbl GEF superfamily. It functions as a GDP/GTP exchange factor for the product of Rac1 and an adaptor protein. Both activities are activated by direct tyrosine phosphorylation.