STRINGSTRING
STRING protein interaction network
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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[Homology]
Score
graRConserved hypothetical protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system GraR/GraS involved in resistance against cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Upon phosphorylation by GraS, functions as a transcription regulator by direct binding to promoter regions of target genes such as adhesins, exoproteins, transporters, toxins, and proteins involved in cell wall synthesis. Down-regulates the expression of many genes involved in RNA and amino acid synthesis or glycolysis. (224 aa)    
Predicted Functional Partners:
graS
Conserved hypothetical protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system GraR/GraS involved in resistance against cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Functions as a sensor protein kinase which phosphorylates GraR through the auxiliary protein GraX. In turn, GraR up-regulates many genes such as adhesins, exoproteins, transporters, toxins, and proteins involved in cell wall synthesis. Down-regulates the expression of many genes involved in RNA and amino acid synthesis or glycolysis. Confers resistance to vancomycin, polymyxin B, lysozyme and LL-37.
 0.997
ABD31946.1
Sensor histidine kinase, putative.
 0.952
graX
Conserved hypothetical protein; Plays a role in resistance against cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Facilitates the activation of GraS to transduce the signal to GraR.
     
 0.925
ABD29801.1
ABC transporter permease, putative.
    0.875
saeS
Sensor histidine kinase SaeS, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system SaeR/SaeS involved in the regulation of staphylococcal virulence factors in a strain-dependent fashion. Probably functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that upon sensing the appropriate signal, autophosphorylates and in turn activates the cytosolic response regulator SaeR. SaeR/SaeS activates the expression of exoproteins involved in adhesion and invasion of host cells, including hemolysins (hla, hlb), coa, Dnase, spa and cell wall-associated proteins (emp, eap, fnbA). Acts probably downstr [...]
  
 0.845
hssS
Sensor histidine kinase, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system HssS/HssR involved in intracellular heme homeostasis and tempering of staphylococcal virulence. HssS functions as a heme sensor histidine kinase which is autophosphorylated at a histidine residue and transfers its phosphate group to an aspartate residue of HssR. HssR/HssS activates the expression of hrtAB, an efflux pump, in response to extracellular heme, hemin, hemoglobin or blood (By similarity).
 
 0.840
ABD32022.1
Permease, putative.
  
 0.798
vraR
DNA-binding response regulator VraR, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system VraS/VraR involved in the control of the cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Upon cellular stress, the histidine kinase VraS transfers the phosphoryl group onto VraR. Upon phosphorylation, VraR dimerizes at the N-terminal domain. In turn, phosphorylation-induced dimerization expand and enhance the VraR binding to its own promoter leading to increased expression and subsequent modulation of as many as 40 genes, which ultimately constitute the S.aureus response to cell wall damage. In addition, [...]
  
 0.743
arlS
Conserved hypothetical protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArlS/ArlR involved in the regulation of adhesion, autolysis, multidrug resistance and virulence. ArlS probably functions as a sensor protein kinase which is autophosphorylated at a histidine residue and transfers its phosphate group to ArlR. ArlS/ArlR affects expression of the multidrug resistance transporter norA and interacts with both Agr (virulence accessory gene regulator) (negatively) and SarA (staphylococcal accessory regulator) (positively) to modulate several virulence factor genes, including ssp (se [...]
 
 0.736
walK
Sensory box histidine kinase VicK, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system WalK/WalR that regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism, virulence regulation, biofilm production, oxidative stress resistance and antibiotic resistance via direct or indirect regulation of autolysins. Functions as a sensor protein kinase which is autophosphorylated at a histidine residue in the dimerization domain and transfers its phosphate group to the conserved aspartic acid residue in the regulatory domain of WalR. In turn, WalR binds to the upstream promoter regions of the target ge [...]
 
 0.721
Your Current Organism:
Staphylococcus aureus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 93061
Other names: S. aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain NCTC 8325
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