Histone H3.3; Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in [...]

Nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein; Required for DNA replication, normal cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Forms a cytoplasmic complex with HSP90 and H1 linker histones and stimulates HSP90 ATPase activity. NASP and H1 histone are subsequently released from the complex and translocate to the nucleus where the histone is released for binding to DNA.

Ubinuclein-1; Acts as a novel regulator of senescence. Involved in the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), which represses expression of proliferation-promoting genes. Binds to proliferation-promoting genes. May be required for replication- independent chromatin assembly.

Protein HIRA; Cooperates with ASF1A to promote replication-independent chromatin assembly. Required for the periodic repression of histone gene transcription during the cell cycle. Required for the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and efficient senescence-associated cell cycle exit.

Histone chaperone ASF1B; Histone chaperone that facilitates histone deposition and histone exchange and removal during nucleosome assembly and disassembly. Cooperates with chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) to promote replication-dependent chromatin assembly. Does not participate in replication-independent nucleosome deposition which is mediated by ASF1A and HIRA. Required for spermatogenesis. Belongs to the ASF1 family.

Histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit; Acetylates soluble but not nucleosomal histone H4 at 'Lys-5' (H4K5ac) and 'Lys-12' (H4K12ac) and, to a lesser extent, acetylates histone H2A at 'Lys-5' (H2AK5ac). Has intrinsic substrate specificity that modifies lysine in recognition sequence GXGKXG. May be involved in nucleosome assembly during DNA replication and repair as part of the histone H3.1 and H3.3 complexes. May play a role in DNA repair in response to free radical damage. Belongs to the HAT1 family.

DNA replication licensing factor MCM2; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase tousled-like 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the process of chromatin assembly and probably also DNA replication, transcription, repair, and chromosome segregation. Phosphorylates the chromatin assembly factors ASF1A AND ASF1B. Phosphorylation of ASF1A prevents its proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby enhancing chromatin assembly. Negative regulator of amino acid starvation-induced autophagy.