Low molecular weight growth-promoting factor; (1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases; (2) HMW- kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; (3) HMW-kininogen inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes; (4) the active peptide bradykinin that is released from HMW-kininogen shows a variety of physiological effects: (4A) influence in smooth muscle contraction, (4B) induction of hypotension, (4C) natriuresis and diuresis, (4D) decrease in blood glucose level, (4E) [...]

Afamin; Functions as carrier for hydrophobic molecules in body fluids (Probable). Essential for the solubility and activity of lipidated Wnt family members, including WNT1, WNT2B, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT5A, WNT7A, WNT7B, WNT8, WNT9A, WNT9B, WNT10A and WNT10B. Binds vitamin E. May transport vitamin E in body fluids under conditions where the lipoprotein system is not sufficient. May be involved in the transport of vitamin E across the blood-brain barrier. Belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family.

Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2; The 83 kDa subunit binds and stabilizes the catalytic subunit at 37 degrees Celsius and keeps it in circulation. Under some circumstances it may be an allosteric modifier of the catalytic subunit.

Coagulation factor XIIa heavy chain; Factor XII is a serum glycoprotein that participates in the initiation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the generation of bradykinin and angiotensin. Prekallikrein is cleaved by factor XII to form kallikrein, which then cleaves factor XII first to alpha-factor XIIa and then trypsin cleaves it to beta-factor XIIa. Alpha-factor XIIa activates factor XI to factor XIa.

Hemopexin; Binds heme and transports it to the liver for breakdown and iron recovery, after which the free hemopexin returns to the circulation.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit; Involved in protein-protein interactions that result in protein complexes, receptor-ligand binding or cell adhesion.

Kallistatin; Inhibits human amidolytic and kininogenase activities of tissue kallikrein. Inhibition is achieved by formation of an equimolar, heat- and SDS-stable complex between the inhibitor and the enzyme, and generation of a small C-terminal fragment of the inhibitor due to cleavage at the reactive site by tissue kallikrein. Belongs to the serpin family.

Heparin cofactor 2; Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT-III). Also inhibits chymotrypsin, but in a glycosaminoglycan- independent manner; Belongs to the serpin family.