Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Transducin is an amplifier and one of the transducers of a visual impulse that performs the coupling between rhodopsin and cGMP- phosphodiesterase.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-1; Functions as signal transducer for the rod photoreceptor RHO. Required for normal RHO-mediated light perception by the retina. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as the photoreceptor RHO. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP- bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Activated RHO promotes GDP release and GTP binding. Signaling is mediated via downstream effector proteins, [...]

Opsin-3; May play a role in encephalic photoreception; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.

Rhodopsin; Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light- induced isomerization of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans- retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling.

Short-wave-sensitive opsin 1; Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal (Probable). Required for the maintenance of cone outer segment organization in the ventral retina, but not essential for the maintenance of functioning cone photoreceptors (By similarity). Involved in ensuring correct abundance and localization of retinal membrane proteins (By similarity). May increase spectral sensitivity in dim light (By similarity); Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.

RPE-retinal G protein-coupled receptor; Receptor for all-trans- and 11-cis-retinal. Binds preferentially to the former and may catalyze the isomerization of the chromophore by a retinochrome-like mechanism.

Oligophrenin-1; Stimulates GTP hydrolysis of members of the Rho family. Its action on RHOA activity and signaling is implicated in growth and stabilization of dendritic spines, and therefore in synaptic function. Critical for the stabilization of AMPA receptors at postsynaptic sites. Critical for the regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis at presynaptic terminals. Required for the localization of NR1D1 to dendrites, can suppress its repressor activity and protect it from proteasomal degradation (By similarity).

Visual pigment-like receptor peropsin; May play a role in rpe physiology either by detecting light directly or by monitoring the concentration of retinoids or other photoreceptor-derived compounds.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.