Ataxin-3; Deubiquitinating enzyme involved in protein homeostasis maintenance, transcription, cytoskeleton regulation, myogenesis and degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates. Binds long polyubiquitin chains and trims them, while it has weak or no activity against chains of 4 or less ubiquitins. Involved in degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates via its interaction with STUB1/CHIP: recruited to monoubiquitinated STUB1/CHIP, and restricts the length of ubiquitin chain attached to STUB1/CHIP substrates and preventing further chain extension (By similarity). Interacts with key [...]

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Deleted in azoospermia-like; RNA-binding protein, which is essential for gametogenesis in both males and females. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. Acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA, specifically recognizing GUU triplets, and thereby regulating the translation of key transcripts (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM DAZ family.

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Deleted in azoospermia-like; RNA-binding protein, which is essential for gametogenesis in both males and females. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. Acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA, specifically recognizing GUU triplets, and thereby regulating the translation of key transcripts (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM DAZ family.

Nanos homolog 1; May act as a translational repressor which regulates translation of specific mRNAs by forming a complex with PUM2 that associates with the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Capable of interfering with the proadhesive and anti-invasive functions of E-cadherin. Up-regulates the production of MMP14 to promote tumor cell invasion. Belongs to the nanos family.

Deleted in azoospermia-like; RNA-binding protein, which is essential for gametogenesis in both males and females. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. Acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA, specifically recognizing GUU triplets, and thereby regulating the translation of key transcripts (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM DAZ family.

Nanos homolog 2; Plays a key role in the sexual differentiation of germ cells by promoting the male fate but suppressing the female fate. Represses the female fate pathways by suppressing meiosis, which in turn results in the promotion of the male fate. Maintains the suppression of meiosis by preventing STRA8 expression, which is required for premeiotic DNA replication, after CYP26B1 is decreased. Regulates the localization of the CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex to P-bodies and plays a role in recruiting the complex to trigger the degradation of mRNAs involved in meiosis. Required for t [...]

Deleted in azoospermia-like; RNA-binding protein, which is essential for gametogenesis in both males and females. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. Acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA, specifically recognizing GUU triplets, and thereby regulating the translation of key transcripts (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM DAZ family.

Nanos homolog 3; Plays a role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of germ cells regulating the spermatogonia cell cycle and inducing a prolonged transit in G1 phase. Affects cell proliferation probably by repressing translation of specific mRNAs. Maintains the germ cell lineage by suppressing both Bax-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. Essential in the early stage embryo to protect the migrating primordial germ cells (PGCs) from apoptosis.

Deleted in azoospermia-like; RNA-binding protein, which is essential for gametogenesis in both males and females. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. Acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA, specifically recognizing GUU triplets, and thereby regulating the translation of key transcripts (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM DAZ family.

Pumilio homolog 1; Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that acts as a post- transcriptional repressor by binding the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Binds to an RNA consensus sequence, the Pumilio Response Element (PRE), 5'- UGUANAUA-3', that is related to the Nanos Response Element (NRE). Mediates post-transcriptional repression of transcripts via different mechanisms: acts via direct recruitment of the CCR4-POP2-NOT deadenylase leading to translational inhibition and mRNA degradation. Also mediates deadenylation-independent repression by promoting accessibility of miRNAs. Following growth [...]

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Ataxin-3; Deubiquitinating enzyme involved in protein homeostasis maintenance, transcription, cytoskeleton regulation, myogenesis and degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates. Binds long polyubiquitin chains and trims them, while it has weak or no activity against chains of 4 or less ubiquitins. Involved in degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates via its interaction with STUB1/CHIP: recruited to monoubiquitinated STUB1/CHIP, and restricts the length of ubiquitin chain attached to STUB1/CHIP substrates and preventing further chain extension (By similarity). Interacts with key [...]

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Deleted in azoospermia-like; RNA-binding protein, which is essential for gametogenesis in both males and females. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. Acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA, specifically recognizing GUU triplets, and thereby regulating the translation of key transcripts (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM DAZ family.

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

ELAV-like protein 1; RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability. Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation (By similarity). Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Binds avidly to the AU-rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUU [...]

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Nanos homolog 1; May act as a translational repressor which regulates translation of specific mRNAs by forming a complex with PUM2 that associates with the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Capable of interfering with the proadhesive and anti-invasive functions of E-cadherin. Up-regulates the production of MMP14 to promote tumor cell invasion. Belongs to the nanos family.

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Nanos homolog 2; Plays a key role in the sexual differentiation of germ cells by promoting the male fate but suppressing the female fate. Represses the female fate pathways by suppressing meiosis, which in turn results in the promotion of the male fate. Maintains the suppression of meiosis by preventing STRA8 expression, which is required for premeiotic DNA replication, after CYP26B1 is decreased. Regulates the localization of the CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex to P-bodies and plays a role in recruiting the complex to trigger the degradation of mRNAs involved in meiosis. Required for t [...]

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Nanos homolog 3; Plays a role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of germ cells regulating the spermatogonia cell cycle and inducing a prolonged transit in G1 phase. Affects cell proliferation probably by repressing translation of specific mRNAs. Maintains the germ cell lineage by suppressing both Bax-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. Essential in the early stage embryo to protect the migrating primordial germ cells (PGCs) from apoptosis.

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Pumilio homolog 1; Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that acts as a post- transcriptional repressor by binding the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Binds to an RNA consensus sequence, the Pumilio Response Element (PRE), 5'- UGUANAUA-3', that is related to the Nanos Response Element (NRE). Mediates post-transcriptional repression of transcripts via different mechanisms: acts via direct recruitment of the CCR4-POP2-NOT deadenylase leading to translational inhibition and mRNA degradation. Also mediates deadenylation-independent repression by promoting accessibility of miRNAs. Following growth [...]

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta; Non-catalytic subunit of the heterodimeric RalGAP1 and RalGAP2 complexes which act as GTPase activators for the Ras-like small GTPases RALA and RALB.

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

RNA-binding protein Raly; RNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional cofactor for cholesterol biosynthetic genes in the liver. Binds the lipid- responsive non-coding RNA LeXis and is required for LeXis-mediated effect on cholesterogenesis (By similarity). May be a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP).

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

Heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial; Chaperone that expresses an ATPase activity. Involved in maintaining mitochondrial function and polarization, downstream of PINK1 and mitochondrial complex I. Is a negative regulator of mitochondrial respiration able to modulate the balance between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. The impact of TRAP1 on mitochondrial respiration is probably mediated by modulation of mitochondrial SRC and inhibition of SDHA; Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.

ELAV-like protein 1; RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability. Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation (By similarity). Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Binds avidly to the AU-rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUU [...]

Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression. Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs. Sequence- specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs. Does not bind to miRNAs. May play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival (By similarity). However, does not seem to be essential for PGC migration (By [...]

ELAV-like protein 1; RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability. Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation (By similarity). Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Binds avidly to the AU-rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUU [...]

Pumilio homolog 1; Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that acts as a post- transcriptional repressor by binding the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Binds to an RNA consensus sequence, the Pumilio Response Element (PRE), 5'- UGUANAUA-3', that is related to the Nanos Response Element (NRE). Mediates post-transcriptional repression of transcripts via different mechanisms: acts via direct recruitment of the CCR4-POP2-NOT deadenylase leading to translational inhibition and mRNA degradation. Also mediates deadenylation-independent repression by promoting accessibility of miRNAs. Following growth [...]

ELAV-like protein 1; RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability. Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation (By similarity). Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Binds avidly to the AU-rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUU [...]

RNA-binding protein Raly; RNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional cofactor for cholesterol biosynthetic genes in the liver. Binds the lipid- responsive non-coding RNA LeXis and is required for LeXis-mediated effect on cholesterogenesis (By similarity). May be a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP).

Nanos homolog 1; May act as a translational repressor which regulates translation of specific mRNAs by forming a complex with PUM2 that associates with the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Capable of interfering with the proadhesive and anti-invasive functions of E-cadherin. Up-regulates the production of MMP14 to promote tumor cell invasion. Belongs to the nanos family.

Deleted in azoospermia-like; RNA-binding protein, which is essential for gametogenesis in both males and females. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. Acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA, specifically recognizing GUU triplets, and thereby regulating the translation of key transcripts (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM DAZ family.