STRINGSTRING
STRING protein interaction network
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
some 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
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Gene Fusion
Cooccurence
Coexpression
Experiments
Databases
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[Homology]
Score
GREM1Gremlin-1; Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro). Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity); Belongs to the DAN family (184 aa)    
Predicted Functional Partners:
BMP2
Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3-EIF2A- ATF4 pathway. BMP2 activation of EIF2AK3 stimulates phosphorylation of EIF2A which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation. In addition stimulates TMEM119, which upregulates the expression of ATF4; Belongs to the TGF-beta family
    
 0.996
BMP4
Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Also act in mesoderm induction, tooth development, limb formation and fracture repair. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction (By similarity); Bone morphogenetic proteins
    
 0.991
BMPR1A
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for BMP2, BMP4, GDF5 and GDF6. Positively regulates chondrocyte differentiation through GDF5 interaction. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily
     
 0.965
BAMBI
BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog; Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling; Belongs to the BAMBI family
     
 0.953
BMPR1B
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for BMP7/OP-1 and GDF5. Positively regulates chondrocyte differentiation through GDF5 interaction; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily
   
 
 0.952
BMPR2
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Binds to BMP7, BMP2 and, less efficiently, BMP4. Binding is weak but enhanced by the presence of type I receptors for BMPs. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily
     
 0.951
KDR
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD. Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic hematopoiesis. Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2 and isoform 3, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA, VEGFC and/or VEGFD. Isoform 2 plays an important role as negative reg [...]
    
 
 0.942
BMP7
Bone morphogenetic protein 7; Induces cartilage and bone formation. May be the osteoinductive factor responsible for the phenomenon of epithelial osteogenesis. Plays a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis; Bone morphogenetic proteins
    
 0.929
HFE2
Hemojuvelin; Acts as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) coreceptor. Through enhancement of BMP signaling regulates hepcidin (HAMP) expression and regulates iron homeostasis; Belongs to the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family
     
 0.910
RGMA
Repulsive guidance molecule A; Member of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family that performs several functions in the developing and adult nervous system. Regulates cephalic neural tube closure, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cortical neuron branching, and the formation of mature synapses. Binding to its receptor NEO1/neogenin induces activation of RHOA-ROCK1/Rho-kinase signaling pathway through UNC5B-ARHGEF12/LARG-PTK2/FAK1 cascade, leading to collapse of the neuronal growth cone and neurite outgrowth inhibition. Furthermore, RGMA binding to NEO1/neogenin leads to HRAS inactiva [...]
     
 0.910
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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