Twinkle protein, mitochondrial; Involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) metabolism. Could function as an adenine nucleotide-dependent DNA helicase. Function inferred to be critical for lifetime maintenance of mtDNA integrity. In vitro, forms in combination with POLG, a processive replication machinery, which can use double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as template to synthesize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules. May be a key regulator of mtDNA copy number in mammals.

DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase zeta complex, an error-prone polymerase specialized in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Lacks an intrinsic 3'-5' exonuclease activity and thus has no proofreading function.

DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase alpha complex (also known as the alpha DNA polymerase-primase complex) which plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA synthesis. During the S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA polymerase alpha complex (composed of a catalytic subunit POLA1, a regulatory subunit POLA2 and two primase subunits PRIM1 and PRIM2) is recruited to DNA at the replicative forks via direct interactions with MCM10 and WDHD1. The primase subunit of the polymerase alpha complex initiates DNA synthesis by oligomerising short RNA p [...]

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B; Plays a pivotal role in cell survival by repairing damaged DNA in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Supplies deoxyribonucleotides for DNA repair in cells arrested at G1 or G2. Contains an iron-tyrosyl free radical center required for catalysis. Forms an active ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) complex with RRM1 which is expressed both in resting and proliferating cells in response to DNA damage. Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.

DNA polymerase alpha subunit B; Accessory subunit of the DNA polymerase alpha complex (also known as the alpha DNA polymerase-primase complex) which plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA synthesis. During the S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA polymerase alpha complex (composed of a catalytic subunit POLA1, an accessory subunit POLA2 and two primase subunits, the catalytic subunit PRIM1 and the regulatory subunit PRIM2) is recruited to DNA at the replicative forks via direct interactions with MCM10 and WDHD1 (By similarity). The primase subunit of the polymerase alpha comple [...]

Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2; IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits expression of viral messenger RNAs lacking 2'-O-methylation of the 5' cap. The ribose 2'-O-methylation would provide a molecular signature to distinguish between self and non-self mRNAs by the host during viral infection. Viruses evolved several ways to evade this restriction system such as encoding their own 2'-O-methylase for their mRNAs or by stealing host cap containing the 2'-O-methylation (cap snatching mechanism). Binds AU-rich viral RNAs, with or without 5' triphosphorylati [...]

DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2; Accessory component of the DNA polymerase epsilon complex. Participates in DNA repair and in chromosomal DNA replication (By similarity).

DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit; As the catalytic component of the trimeric (Pol-delta3 complex) and tetrameric DNA polymerase delta complexes (Pol-delta4 complex), plays a crucial role in high fidelity genome replication, including in lagging strand synthesis, and repair. Exhibits both DNA polymerase and 3'- to 5'-exonuclease activities. Requires the presence of accessory proteins POLD2, POLD3 and POLD4 for full activity. Depending upon the absence (Pol-delta3) or the presence of POLD4 (Pol-delta4), displays differences in catalytic activity. Most notably, expresses higher proo [...]