Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9B1; Sperm-specific Na(+)/H(+) exchanger involved in intracellular pH regulation of spermatozoa. Involved in sperm motility and fertility. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.

Galectin-1; Lectin that binds beta-galactoside and a wide array of complex carbohydrates. Plays a role in regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Inhibits CD45 protein phosphatase activity and therefore the dephosphorylation of Lyn kinase. Strong inducer of T-cell apoptosis.

Adenylate cyclase type 10; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP. May function as sensor that mediates responses to changes in cellular bicarbonate and CO(2) levels. Has a critical role in mammalian spermatogenesis by producing the cAMP which regulates cAMP-responsive nuclear factors indispensable for sperm maturation in the epididymis. Induces capacitation, the maturational process that sperm undergo prior to fertilization (By similarity). Involved in ciliary beat regulation.

Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9B2; Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that extrudes Na(+) or Li(+) in exchange for external protons across the membrane. Contributes to the regulation of intracellular pH, sodium homeostasis, and cell volume. Plays an important role for insulin secretion and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in beta-cells (By similarity). Involved in sperm motility and fertility (By similarity). It is controversial whether SLC9B2 plays a role in osteoclast differentiation or not (By similarity).

Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein; May be involved in coupling signal transduction and vesicle trafficking to enable polarized secretion and/or membrane deposition of immune effector molecules.

Potassium channel subfamily U member 1; Testis-specific potassium channel activated by both intracellular pH and membrane voltage that mediates export of K(+). May represent the primary spermatozoan K(+) current. In contrast to KCNMA1/SLO1, it is not activated by Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). Critical for fertility. May play an important role in sperm osmoregulation required for the acquisition of normal morphology and motility when faced with osmotic challenges, such as those experienced after mixing with seminal fluid and entry into the vagina; Belongs to the potassium channel family. Calcium-ac [...]

Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 5; Involved in pH regulation to eliminate acids generated by active metabolism or to counter adverse environmental conditions. Major proton extruding system driven by the inward sodium ion chemical gradient. Plays an important role in signal transduction (By similarity).

Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9; May act in electroneutral exchange of protons for Na(+) across membranes. Involved in the effusion of Golgi luminal H(+) in exchange for cytosolic cations. Involved in organelle ion homeostasis by contributing to the maintenance of the unique acidic pH values of the Golgi and post-Golgi compartments in the cell. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.