Putative thioredoxin-like proteins and domain protein; Involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster, can transfer this cluster to apoproteins, and thereby intervenes in the maturation of Fe/S proteins. Could also act as a scaffold/chaperone for damaged Fe/S proteins.

Sigma S (sigma 38) factor of RNA polymerase; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response.

Stress response DNA-binding protein; During stationary phase, binds the chromosome non- specifically, forming a highly ordered and stable dps-DNA co-crystal within which chromosomal DNA is condensed and protected from diverse damages. It protects DNA from oxidative damage by sequestering intracellular Fe(2+) ion and storing it in the form of Fe(3+) oxyhydroxide mineral, which can be released after reduction. One hydrogen peroxide oxidizes two Fe(2+) ions, which prevents hydroxyl radical production by the Fenton reaction.

Similar to E. coli putative polymerase/proteinase (AAC73537.1); Blastp hit to AAC73537.1 (226 aa), 85% identity in aa 20 - 226.

MFS family, muropeptide transporter; Similar to E. coli regulates beta-lactamase synthesis (AAC73536.1); Blastp hit to AAC73536.1 (491 aa), 91% identity in aa 1 - 490.

Putative cytoplasmic protein; Similar to E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC74088.1); Blastp hit to AAC74088.1 (75 aa), 92% identity in aa 1 - 75.

Putative periplasmic protein; Similar to E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC73432.1); Blastp hit to AAC73432.1 (91 aa), 72% identity in aa 1 - 91.

Carbon storage regulator; A key translational regulator that binds mRNA to regulate translation initiation and/or mRNA stability. Mediates global changes in gene expression, shifting from rapid growth to stress survival by linking envelope stress, the stringent response and the catabolite repression systems. Usually binds in the 5'-UTR; binding at or near the Shine-Dalgarno sequence prevents ribosome-binding, repressing translation, binding elsewhere in the 5'-UTR can activate translation and/or stabilize the mRNA. Its function is antagonized by small RNA(s).

Survival protein, protein damage control; Nucleotidase with a broad substrate specificity as it can dephosphorylate various ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates and ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphates with highest affinity to 3'-AMP. Also hydrolyzes polyphosphate (exopolyphosphatase activity) with the preference for short-chain-length substrates (P20-25). Might be involved in the regulation of dNTP and NTP pools, and in the turnover of 3'-mononucleotides produced by numerous intracellular RNases (T1, T2, and F) during the degradation of various RNAs.