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| | lacY | Lactose permease; Responsible for transport of beta-galactosides into the cell, with the concomitant import of a proton (symport system). Can transport lactose, melibiose, lactulose or the analog methyl-1-thio-beta,D- galactopyranoside (TMG), but not sucrose or fructose. The substrate specificity is directed toward the galactopyranosyl moiety of the substrate. (417 aa) |
| | galE | UDP-galactose-4-epimerase; Involved in the metabolism of galactose. Catalyzes the conversion of UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) to UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) through a mechanism involving the transient reduction of NAD. It is only active on UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose. (338 aa) |
| | lacA | Thiogalactoside acetyltransferase; Catalyzes the CoA-dependent transfer of an acetyl group to the 6-O-methyl position of a range of galactosides, glucosides, and lactosides. May assist cellular detoxification by acetylating non-metabolizable pyranosides, thereby preventing their reentry into the cell (Probable). Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (203 aa) |
| | nrdD | Anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase; Catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides, which are required for DNA synthesis and repair. Belongs to the anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase family. (712 aa) |
| | mdtE | Anaerobic multidrug efflux transporter, ArcA-regulated; Part of the tripartite efflux system MdtEF-TolC, which confers resistance to compounds such as rhodamine 6G, erythromycin, doxorubicin, ethidium bromide, TPP, SDS, deoxycholate, crystal violet and benzalkonium; Belongs to the membrane fusion protein (MFP) (TC 8.A.1) family. (385 aa) |
| | asr | Acid shock-inducible periplasmic protein; Required for growth and/or survival at acidic conditions (pH 4.5). Needed for the adaptation process at pH 4.5 that enables cells to survive at extremely low pH (pH 2.0); Belongs to the Asr family. (102 aa) |
| | hisM | Histidine ABC transporter permease; Part of the histidine permease ABC transporter. Also part of a lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. Required to relay the ATPase-inducing signal from the solute-binding protein to HisP (By similarity). (238 aa) |
| | gspI | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (125 aa) |
| | flhC | Flagellar class II regulon transcriptional activator, with FlhD; Functions in complex with FlhD as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways. (192 aa) |
| | cysG | Uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase; Multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the SAM-dependent methylations of uroporphyrinogen III at position C-2 and C-7 to form precorrin-2 via precorrin-1. Then it catalyzes the NAD-dependent ring dehydrogenation of precorrin-2 to yield sirohydrochlorin. Finally, it catalyzes the ferrochelation of sirohydrochlorin to yield siroheme. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the precorrin-2 dehydrogenase / sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase family. (457 aa) |
| | gspD | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of folded proteins across the outer membrane. This subunit would form the outer membrane channel. (650 aa) |
| | hisJ | Histidine ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the histidine permease ABC transporter. Binds histidine. Interacts with HisQMP and stimulates ATPase activity of HisP, which results in histidine translocation (By similarity). (260 aa) |
| | appY | HTH-type transcriptional regulator AppY; Induces the synthesis of acid phosphatase (AppA) and several other polypeptides (such as AppBC) during the deceleration phase of growth. It also acts as a transcriptional repressor for one group of proteins that are synthesized preferentially in exponential growth and for one group synthesized only in the stationary phase. Also involved in the stabilization of the sigma stress factor RpoS during stress conditions. (249 aa) |
| | gadA | Glutamate decarboxylase A, PLP-dependent; Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria. (466 aa) |
| | nirD | Nitrite reductase (NADH) small subunit; Required for activity of the reductase. To B.subtilis NasE. (108 aa) |
| | nirB | Nitrite reductase, large subunit, NAD(P)H-binding; Nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H) subunit; Protein involved in anaerobic respiration; Belongs to the nitrite and sulfite reductase 4Fe-4S domain family. (847 aa) |
| | cadA | Lysine decarboxylase, acid-inducible; Inducible lysine decarboxylase that catalyzes the proton- dependent decarboxylation of L-lysine to produce the polyamine cadaverine and carbon dioxide. Plays a role in pH homeostasis by consuming protons and neutralizing the acidic by- products of carbohydrate fermentation. Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-I family. (715 aa) |
| | gspF | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (398 aa) |
| | mukB | Chromosome condensin MukBEF, ATPase and DNA-binding subunit; Plays a central role in chromosome condensation, segregation and cell cycle progression. Functions as a homodimer, which is essential for chromosome partition. Involved in negative DNA supercoiling in vivo, and by this means organizes and compacts chromosomes. May achieve or facilitate chromosome segregation by condensation of DNA from both sides of a centrally located replisome during cell division. Stimulates both DNA relaxation and to a lesser extent decatenation activity of topoisomerase IV. (1486 aa) |
| | cysU | Sulfate/thiosulfate ABC transporter permease; Part of the ABC transporter complex CysAWTP (TC 3.A.1.6.1) involved in sulfate/thiosulfate import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (277 aa) |
| | cspA | RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'. (70 aa) |
| | gabT | 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, PLP-dependent; Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes transamination between primary amines and alpha-keto acids. Catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) to alpha-ketoglutarate (KG) to yield succinic semialdehyde (SSA) and glutamate. Thereby functions in a GABA degradation pathway that allows some E.coli strains to utilize GABA as a nitrogen source for growth. Also catalyzes the conversion of 5-aminovalerate to glutarate semialdehyde, as part of a L-lysine degradation pathway that proceeds via cadaverine, [...] (426 aa) |
| | hdeA | Stress response protein acid-resistance protein; Required for optimal acid stress protection. Exhibits a chaperone-like activity only at pH below 3 by suppressing non- specifically the aggregation of denaturated periplasmic proteins. Important for survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic environment of the host stomach. Also promotes the solubilization at neutral pH of proteins that had aggregated in their presence at acidic pHs. May cooperate with other periplasmic chaperones such as DegP and SurA. (110 aa) |
| | proX | Glycine betaine/proline ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ProU ABC transporter complex involved in glycine betaine and proline betaine uptake. Binds glycine betaine and proline betaine with high affinity. (330 aa) |
| | mazE | Antitoxin of the ChpA-ChpR toxin-antitoxin system; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Labile antitoxin that binds to the MazF endoribonuclease toxin and neutralizes its endoribonuclease activity. Is considered to be an 'addiction' molecule as the cell dies in its absence. Toxicity results when the levels of MazE decrease in the cell, leading to mRNA degradation. This effect can be rescued by expression of MazE, but after 6 hours in rich medium the overexpression of MazF leads to programmed cell death. Cell growth and viability are not affected when MazF and M [...] (82 aa) |
| | yjjQ | Putative regulator. (241 aa) |
| | gspM | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (153 aa) |
| | flhD | Flagellar class II regulon transcriptional activator, with FlhC; Functions in complex with FlhC as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways. (116 aa) |
| | gadW | Transcriptional activator of gadA and gadBC; Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. Repression occurs directly or via the repression of the expression of gadX. Activation occurs directly by the binding of GadW to the gadA and gadBC promoters. (242 aa) |
| | mazF | mRNA interferase toxin, antitoxin is MazE; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A sequence-specific endoribonuclease it inhibits protein synthesis by cleaving mRNA and inducing bacterial stasis. It is stable, single- strand specific with mRNA cleavage independent of the ribosome, although translation enhances cleavage for some mRNAs. Cleavage occurs at the 5'-end of ACA sequences, yielding a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and a free 5'-OH, although cleavage can also occur on the 3'-end of the first A. Digests 16S rRNA in vivo 43 nts upstream of the C- terminus; this remove [...] (111 aa) |
| | leuO | Global transcription factor; A global transcription factor. Activates transcription of the 9 following operons; yjjQ-bglJ, yjjP, acrEF, ybdO, yjcRQP, casABCDE12, rhsD-ybbC, fepE and gltF, in most cases it probably interferes with silencing by H-NS and activates transcription. Represses transcription of the 3 following operons; uxaCA, sdaCB and btsT. H-NS repression of the bgl operon, leading to the ability to metabolize some beta- glucosides. It also directly activates the bgl operon. Activation is H- NS and BglJ-RcsB independent. (314 aa) |
| | gspA | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; May play a regulatory role under conditions of derepressed gsp gene expression; Belongs to the ExeA family. (489 aa) |
| | gadX | Acid resistance regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the expression of about fifteen genes involved in acid resistance such as gadA, gadB and gadC. Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), can repress gadW. (274 aa) |
| | nirC | Nitrite transporter; Catalyzes nitrite uptake and nitrite export across the cytoplasmic membrane. Is up to 10-fold more active than NarK or NarU in nitrite uptake for subsequent reduction in the cytoplasm by the NirB/NirD nitrite reductase; Belongs to the FNT transporter (TC 2.A.44) family. (268 aa) |
| | mukE | Chromosome condensin MukBEF, MukE localization factor; Involved in chromosome condensation, segregation and cell cycle progression. May participate in facilitating chromosome segregation by condensation DNA from both sides of a centrally located replisome during cell division. Probably acts via its interaction with MukB and MukF; Belongs to the MukE family. (234 aa) |
| | csiD | tRNA-Ile; Acts as an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalyzing hydroxylation of glutarate (GA) to L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) in the stationary phase of E.coli. Functions in a L-lysine degradation pathway that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2- hydroxyglutarate. Other dicarboxylic acids (oxalate, malonate, succinate, adipate, and pimelate) are not substrates for this enzyme. (325 aa) |
| | galM | Aldose 1-epimerase; Mutarotase converts alpha-aldose to the beta-anomer. It is active on D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose. (346 aa) |
| | cadB | Putative lysine/cadaverine transporter; Probable cadaverine/lysine antiporter or part of it. (444 aa) |
| | hisQ | Histidine ABC transporter permease; Part of the histidine permease ABC transporter. Also part of a lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. Required to relay the ATPase-inducing signal from the solute-binding protein to HisP (By similarity). (228 aa) |
| | hisP | Histidine ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the histidine permease ABC transporter. Also part of a lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (By similarity). (257 aa) |
| | smtA | Putative S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase; Catalyzes the methylation of 5-carboxymethoxyuridine (cmo5U) to form 5-methoxycarbonylmethoxyuridine (mcmo5U) at position 34 in tRNAs. Four tRNAs (tRNA(Ala1), tRNA(Ser1), tRNA(Pro3) and tRNA(Thr4)) are fully modified with mcmo5U in stationary-phase E.coli. Also present at low frequency in tRNA(Leu3) and tRNA(Val1). (261 aa) |
| | galK | Galactokinase; Catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to D- galactose to form alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P). To a lesser extent, is also able to phosphorylate 2-deoxy-D-galactose and D- galactosamine. Is not able to use D-galacturonic acid, D-talose, L- altrose, and L-glucose as substrates. (382 aa) |
| | ilvH | Acetolactate synthase III, valine sensitive, small subunit. (163 aa) |
| | bglB | Cryptic phospho-beta-glucosidase B; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphorylated beta-glucosides into glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and aglycone. It has a high affinity for phosphorylated aromatic beta-glucosides (p-nitrophenyl-beta- glucoside, phenyl beta-glucoside, arbutin and phosphorylated salicin), and a low affinity for phosphorylated beta-methyl-glucoside. (470 aa) |
| | fimB | Tyrosine recombinase/inversion of on/off regulator of fimA; FimB is one of the 2 regulatory proteins which control the phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in E.coli. These proteins mediate the periodic inversion of a 300bp DNA segment that harbors the promoter for the fimbrial structural gene, FimA. FimB switches FimA on. (200 aa) |
| | fimE | Tyrosine recombinase/inversion of on/off regulator of fimA; FimE is one of the 2 regulatory proteins which control the phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in E.coli. These proteins mediate the periodic inversion of a 300bp DNA segment that harbors the promoter for the fimbrial structural gene, fimA. FimE switches fimA off. (198 aa) |
| | bglG | Transcriptional antiterminator of the bgl operon; Mediates the positive regulation of the beta-glucoside (bgl) operon by functioning as a transcriptional antiterminator. This is an RNA-binding protein that recognizes a specific sequence located just upstream of two termination sites within the operon. (278 aa) |
| | gspG | Pseudopilin, cryptic, general secretion pathway; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (145 aa) |
| | bglF | Fused beta-glucoside-specific PTS enzymes: IIA component/IIB component/IIC component; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in beta-glucoside transport. (625 aa) |
| | gabP | Gamma-aminobutyrate transporter; Transporter for GABA; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Amino acid transporter (AAT) (TC 2.A.3.1) family. (466 aa) |
| | proW | Glycine betaine/proline ABC transporter permease; Part of the ProU ABC transporter complex involved in glycine betaine and proline betaine uptake. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (Probable); Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily. (354 aa) |
| | bglJ | Bgl operon transcriptional activator; A crytic transcriptional activator. When its expression is induced it relieves H-NS repression of the bgl operon. Acts independently of transcription factor LeuO. (225 aa) |
| | galT | Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; Protein involved in cell surface antigen activity, host-interacting, galactose metabolic process, colanic acid biosynthetic process, carbohydrate catabolic process and response to desiccation; Belongs to the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase type 1 family. (348 aa) |
| | gspC | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (271 aa) |
| | gspK | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. Belongs to the GSP K family. (327 aa) |
| | nrdG | Anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase-activating protein; Activation of anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase under anaerobic conditions by generation of an organic free radical, using S-adenosylmethionine and reduced flavodoxin as cosubstrates to produce 5'-deoxy-adenosine; Belongs to the organic radical-activating enzymes family. (154 aa) |
| | evgS | Hybrid sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with EvgA; Member of the two-component regulatory system EvgS/EvgA. Phosphorylates EvgA via a four-step phosphorelay in response to environmental signals. (1197 aa) |
| | hlyE | Hemolysin E; Toxin, which has some hemolytic activity towards mammalian cells. Acts by forming a pore-like structure upon contact with mammalian cells. (303 aa) |
| | lacZ | beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family. (1024 aa) |
| | hdeB | Acid-resistance protein; Required for optimal acid stress protection, which is important for survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic environment of the host stomach. Exhibits a chaperone-like activity at acidic pH by preventing the aggregation of many different periplasmic proteins. (108 aa) |
| | cysP | Thiosulfate-binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex CysAWTP (TC 3.A.1.6.1) involved in sulfate/thiosulfate import. This protein specifically binds thiosulfate and is involved in its transmembrane transport. (338 aa) |
| | gspJ | Putative general secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (195 aa) |
| | adiY | Adi system transcriptional activator; Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (253 aa) |
| | ybaK | Cys-tRNA(Pro)/Cys-tRNA(Cys) deacylase; Functions in trans to edit the amino acid from incorrectly charged Cys-tRNA(Pro) via a Cys-tRNA(Pro) deacylase activity. May compensate for the lack of Cys-tRNA(Pro) editing by ProRS. Is also able to deacylate Cys-tRNA(Cys), and displays weak deacylase activity in vitro against Gly-tRNA(Gly), as well as, at higher concentrations, some other correctly charged tRNAs. Unlike some of its orthologs it is not able to remove the amino acid moiety from incorrectly charged Ala- tRNA(Pro); Belongs to the prolyl-tRNA editing family. YbaK/EbsC subfamily. (159 aa) |
| | nhaA | Sodium-proton antiporter; Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that extrudes sodium in exchange for external protons. Catalyzes the exchange of 2 H(+) per Na(+). Can mediate sodium uptake when a transmembrane pH gradient is applied. Active at alkaline pH. Activity is strongly down-regulated below pH 6.5; Belongs to the NhaA Na(+)/H(+) (TC 2.A.33) antiporter family. (388 aa) |
| | hdfR | flhDC operon transcriptional repressor; Negatively regulates the transcription of the flagellar master operon flhDC by binding to the upstream region of the operon. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (279 aa) |
| | gspL | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (387 aa) |
| | yjjP | DUF1212 family inner membrane protein; Putative structural protein; To H.influenzae HI_0108. (256 aa) |
| | mukF | Chromosome condensin MukBEF, kleisin-like subunit, binds calcium; Involved in chromosome condensation, segregation and cell cycle progression. May participate in facilitating chromosome segregation by condensation DNA from both sides of a centrally located replisome during cell division. Not required for mini-F plasmid partitioning. Probably acts via its interaction with MukB and MukE. Overexpression results in anucleate cells. It has a calcium binding activity; Belongs to the MukF family. (440 aa) |
| | gspE | General secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (493 aa) |
| | nhaR | Transcriptional activator of nhaA; Plays a role in the positive regulation of NhaA. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (301 aa) |
| | gabD | Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase I, NADP-dependent; Catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent oxidation of succinate semialdehyde to succinate. Thereby functions in a GABA degradation pathway that allows some E.coli strains to utilize GABA as a nitrogen source for growth. Also catalyzes the conversion of glutarate semialdehyde to glutarate, as part of a L- lysine degradation pathway that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate. (482 aa) |
| | cysW | Sulfate/thiosulfate ABC transporter permease; Part of the ABC transporter complex CysAWTP (TC 3.A.1.6.1) involved in sulfate/thiosulfate import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (291 aa) |
| | gspO | Bifunctional prepilin leader peptidase/ methylase; Cleaves type-4 fimbrial leader sequence and methylates the N- terminal (generally Phe) residue. (225 aa) |
| | hchA | Protein/nucleic acid deglycase 1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Is able to repair glycated serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, [...] (283 aa) |
| | cysA | Sulfate/thiosulfate transporter subunit; Part of the ABC transporter complex CysAWTP involved in sulfate/thiosulfate import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (365 aa) |
| | yhiD | Putative Mg(2+) transport ATPase, inner membrane protein; Could be involved in magnesium uptake. (215 aa) |
| | lhgO | L-2-hydroxyglutarate oxidase; Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) to alpha-ketoglutarate and couples to the respiratory chain by feeding electrons from the reaction into the membrane quinone pool. Functions in a L-lysine degradation pathway that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate. (422 aa) |
| | ilvI | Acetolactate synthase III, valine sensitive, large subunit. (574 aa) |
| | gadE | Gad regulon transcriptional activator; Regulates the expression of several genes involved in acid resistance. Required for the expression of gadA and gadBC, among others, regardless of media or growth conditions. Binds directly to the 20 bp GAD box found in the control regions of both loci. (175 aa) |
| | gspB | Part of gsp divergon involved in type II protein secretion; Part of a cryptic operon that encodes proteins involved in type II secretion pathway in other organisms, but is not expressed in strain K12 under standard laboratory conditions. May play a regulatory role under conditions of derepressed gsp gene expression. (139 aa) |
| | mdtF | Anaerobic multidrug efflux transporter, ArcA-regulated; Part of the tripartite efflux system MdtEF-TolC, which confers resistance to compounds such as rhodamine 6G, erythromycin, doxorubicin, ethidium bromide, TPP, SDS, deoxycholate, crystal violet and benzalkonium; Belongs to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) (TC 2.A.6) family. (1037 aa) |
| | cysM | Cysteine synthase B (O-acetylserine sulfhydrolase B); Two cysteine synthase enzymes are found. Both catalyze the same reaction. Cysteine synthase B can also use thiosulfate in place of sulfide to give cysteine thiosulfonate as a product. (303 aa) |
| | proV | Glycine betaine/proline ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ProU ABC transporter complex involved in glycine betaine and proline betaine uptake. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). (400 aa) |
| | adiA | Arginine decarboxylase; ADC can be found in two forms: biodegradative and biosynthetic. The biodegradative form may play a role in regulating pH by consuming proteins; Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-I family. (755 aa) |
| | gspH | Putative general secretory pathway component, cryptic; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins. (169 aa) |
| | evgA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with EvgS; Member of the two-component regulatory system EvgS/EvgA. Regulates the expression of emrKY operon and yfdX. Seems also to control expression of at least one other multidrug efflux operon. (204 aa) |
| | relA | (p)ppGpp synthetase I/GTP pyrophosphokinase; In eubacteria ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5-' diphosphate) is a mediator of the stringent response which coordinates a variety of cellular activities in response to changes in nutritional abundance. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of pppGpp which is then hydrolyzed to form ppGpp. The second messengers ppGpp and c-di-GMP together control biofilm formation in response to translational stress; ppGpp represses biofilm formation while c-di-GMP induces it. ppGpp activates transcription of CsrA-antagonistic small RNAs CsrB and CsrC, which d [...] (744 aa) |
