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nuoJ | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit J; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family. (184 aa) | ||||
narH | Nitrate reductase 1, beta (Fe-S) subunit; The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing four cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit. (512 aa) | ||||
narK | Nitrate/nitrite transporter; Catalyzes nitrate uptake, nitrite uptake and nitrite export across the cytoplasmic membrane. Functions as a nitrate/nitrite exchanger, and protons are probably not co-transported with the substrate. (463 aa) | ||||
ccmA | Heme export ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the ABC transporter complex CcmAB involved in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes; once thought to export heme, this seems not to be the case, but its exact role is uncertain. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (207 aa) | ||||
nuoM | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit M; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; Belongs to the complex I subunit 4 family. (509 aa) | ||||
caiE | Stimulator of CaiD and CaiB enzyme activities; Overproduction of CaiE stimulates the activity of CaiB and CaiD; Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (196 aa) | ||||
nuoI | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain I; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (180 aa) | ||||
moaD | Molybdopterin synthase, small subunit; Involved in sulfur transfer in the conversion of molybdopterin precursor Z to molybdopterin. Belongs to the MoaD family. (81 aa) | ||||
fnr | Oxygen-sensing anaerobic growth regulon transcriptional regulator FNR; Global transcription factor that controls the expression of over 100 target genes in response to anoxia. It facilitates the adaptation to anaerobic growth conditions by regulating the expression of gene products that are involved in anaerobic energy metabolism. When the terminal electron acceptor, O(2), is no longer available, it represses the synthesis of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration and increases the synthesis of enzymes required for anaerobic respiration. (250 aa) | ||||
moaE | Molybdopterin synthase, large subunit; Converts molybdopterin precursor Z to molybdopterin. This requires the incorporation of two sulfur atoms into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group. The sulfur is provided by MoaD. (150 aa) | ||||
ccmH | Heme lyase, CcmH subunit; May be required for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. Possible subunit of a heme lyase. (350 aa) | ||||
napA | Nitrate reductase, periplasmic, large subunit; Catalytic subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from NapB and catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. NasA/NapA/NarB subfamily. (828 aa) | ||||
aphA | Acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase, class B, non-specific; Dephosphorylates several organic phosphate monoesters including 3'- and 5'-nucleotides, 2'-deoxy-5'-nucleotides, pNPP, phenyl phosphate, glycerol 2-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, O-phospho-L-amino acids and phytic acid, showing the highest activity with aryl phosphoesters (pNPP, phenyl phosphate and O-phospho-L-tyrosine), and to a lesser extent with 3'- and 5'-nucleotides. No activity toward ATP, phosphodiesters, glycerol-1-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6- phosphate, NADP, GTP or 3',5'-cAMP, ADP or ATP. Also has a ph [...] (237 aa) | ||||
garR | Tartronate semialdehyde reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of tatronate semialdehyde to D- glycerate. (294 aa) | ||||
fumA | Fumarate hydratase (fumarase A), aerobic Class I; Catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to (S)-malate. Functions as an aerobic enzyme in the direction of malate formation as part of the citric acid cycle. Accounts for about 80% of the fumarase activity when the bacteria grow aerobically. To a lesser extent, also displays D-tartrate dehydratase activity in vitro, but is not able to convert (R)-malate, L-tartrate or meso-tartrate. Can also catalyze the isomerization of enol- to keto-oxaloacetate. (548 aa) | ||||
napB | Nitrate reductase, small, cytochrome C550 subunit, periplasmic; Electron transfer subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme c-type NapC protein and transfers these to NapA subunit, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential for periplasmic nitrate reduction with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor; Belongs to the NapB family. (149 aa) | ||||
nuoL | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit L; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family. (613 aa) | ||||
caiT | Putative transporter; Catalyzes the exchange of L-carnitine for gamma-butyrobetaine and related betaines. (504 aa) | ||||
dmsA | Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant. (814 aa) | ||||
soxS | Superoxide response regulon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator of the superoxide response regulon of E.coli that includes at least 10 genes such as sodA, nfo, zwf and micF. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-GCACN(7)CAA-3'. It also facilitates the subsequent binding of RNA polymerase to the micF and the nfo promoters. (107 aa) | ||||
frdD | Fumarate reductase (anaerobic), membrane anchor subunit; Seems to be involved in the anchoring of the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane; Belongs to the FrdD family. (119 aa) | ||||
narG | Nitrate reductase 1, alpha subunit; The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The alpha chain is the actual site of nitrate reduction. (1247 aa) | ||||
ccmB | Heme export ABC transporter permease; Required for the export of heme to the periplasm for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. (220 aa) | ||||
ccmC | Heme export ABC transporter permease; Required for the export of heme to the periplasm for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. (245 aa) | ||||
iraD | RpoS stabilzer after DNA damage, anti-RssB factor; Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS during oxidative stress. Its effect on RpoS stability is due to its interaction with RssB, which probably blocks the interaction of RssB with RpoS, and the consequent delivery of the RssB-RpoS complex to the ClpXP protein degradation pathway; Belongs to the GpW/Gp25 family. IraD subfamily. (130 aa) | ||||
narI | Nitrate reductase 1, gamma (cytochrome b(NR)) subunit; The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The gamma chain is a membrane-embedded heme-iron unit resembling cytochrome b, which transfers electrons from quinones to the beta subunit. (225 aa) | ||||
hypD | Hydrogenase maturation protein; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Involved in the biosynthesis of the Fe(CN)(2)CO cofactor. HypD may act as a scaffold on which the Fe(CN)(2)CO cofactor is formed. In complex with HypC, accepts the cyanide ligand generated by HypF and HypE, and also coordinates the carbon monoxide ligand. Required for the formation of all three hydrogenase isoenzymes (Probable). (373 aa) | ||||
dsbE | Periplasmic thioredoxin of cytochrome c-type biogenesis; Involved in disulfide bond formation. Catalyzes a late, reductive step in the assembly of periplasmic c-type cytochromes, probably the reduction of disulfide bonds of the apocytochrome c to allow covalent linkage with the heme. Possible subunit of a heme lyase. DsbE is maintained in a reduced state by DsbD. (185 aa) | ||||
cadC | cadBA operon transcriptional activator; Required for Pcad induction, a promoter upstream of cadBA that is responsible for the pH-regulated expression of CadA and CadB. Probably acts as an activating transcription factor. (512 aa) | ||||
narJ | Molybdenum-cofactor-assembly chaperone delta subunit of nitrate reductase 1; Chaperone required for proper molybdenum cofactor insertion and final assembly of the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase 1. Required for the insertion of the molybdenum into the apo-NarG subunit, maybe by keeping NarG in an appropriate competent-open conformation for the molybdenum cofactor insertion to occur. NarJ maintains the apoNarGH complex in a soluble state. Upon insertion of the molybdenum cofactor, NarJ seems to dissociate from the activated soluble NarGH complex, before its association with [...] (236 aa) | ||||
fhlA | Formate hydrogenlyase transcriptional activator; Required for induction of expression of the formate dehydrogenase H and hydrogenase-3 structural genes. Also activates expression of hyf operon (encodes the silent hydrogenase-4 gene cluster). (692 aa) | ||||
ydeJ | Inactive PncC family protein; Does not have nicotinamide-nucleotide (NMN) amidohydrolase activity. (172 aa) | ||||
hypE | Carbamoyl dehydratase, hydrogenases 1,2,3 maturation protein; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Along with HypF, it catalyzes the synthesis of the CN ligands of the active site iron of [NiFe]-hydrogenases. HypE catalyzes the ATP-dependent dehydration of the carboxamido group attached to its C-terminal cysteine to a cyano group. The cyano group is then transferred from HypE to the HypC-HypD complex or the HybG-HypD complex. (336 aa) | ||||
nuoF | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain F; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (445 aa) | ||||
tpx | Lipid hydroperoxide peroxidase; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Has a preference for alkyl hydroperoxides and acts as lipid peroxidase to inhibit bacterial membrane oxidation. Acts as principal antioxidant during anaerobic growth. (168 aa) | ||||
hypC | Hydrogenase maturation protein; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Involved in the biosynthesis of the Fe(CN)(2)CO cofactor. HypC delivers iron-bound CO(2) to HypD where reduction to CO probably occurs. In complex with HypD, accepts the cyanide ligand generated by HypF and HypE, and also coordinates the carbon monoxide ligand. Involved in the maturation of the hydrogenase 3. Also participates in the maturation of hydrogenase 1. (90 aa) | ||||
acnA | Aconitate hydratase 1; Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. The apo form of AcnA functions as a RNA- binding regulatory protein which plays a role as a maintenance or survival enzyme during nutritional or oxidative stress. During oxidative stress inactive AcnA apo-enzyme without iron sulfur clusters binds the acnA mRNA 3' UTRs (untranslated regions), stabilizes acnA mRNA and increases AcnA synthesis, thus mediating a post- transcriptional positive autoregulatory switch. AcnA also enhances the stability of the sodA transcript. (891 aa) | ||||
napH | Ferredoxin-type protein; Required for electron transfer from ubiquinol, via NapC, to the periplasmic nitrate reductase NapAB complex. (287 aa) | ||||
ccmD | Cytochrome c biogenesis protein; Required for the export of heme to the periplasm for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. (69 aa) | ||||
moeA | Molybdopterin molybdenumtransferase; Catalyzes the insertion of molybdate into adenylated molybdopterin with the concomitant release of AMP. Belongs to the MoeA family. (411 aa) | ||||
nuoH | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit H; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. This subunit may bind ubiquinone. (325 aa) | ||||
aspA | Aspartate ammonia-lyase (aspartase); Protein involved in cellular amino acid metabolic process, asparagine biosynthetic process and lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate. (478 aa) | ||||
ybdN | PAPS reductase-like domain protein. (406 aa) | ||||
bcsB | Regulator of cellulose synthase, cyclic di-GMP binding; Binds the cellulose synthase activator, bis-(3'-5') cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP). (779 aa) | ||||
adhE | Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase [acetylating]; This enzyme has three activities: ADH, ACDH, and PFL- deactivase. In aerobic conditions it acts as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The PFL deactivase activity catalyzes the quenching of the pyruvate-formate-lyase catalyst in an iron, NAD, and CoA dependent reaction; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (891 aa) | ||||
nuoK | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit K; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (100 aa) | ||||
ackA | Acetate kinase A and propionate kinase 2; Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. During anaerobic growth of the organism, this enzyme is also involved in the synthesis of most of the ATP formed catabolically; Belongs to the acetokinase family. (400 aa) | ||||
arcA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with ArcB or CpxA; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Represses a wide variety of aerobic enzymes under anaerobic conditions. Controls the resistance of E.coli to dyes; required for expression of the alkaline phosphatase and sex factor F genes; It also may be involved in the osmoregulation of envelope proteins. When activated by ArcB, it negatively regulates the expression of genes of aerobic function. Activates the transcription of the plfB operon by binding to its promoter. (238 aa) | ||||
sodA | Superoxide dismutase, Mn; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (206 aa) | ||||
rplT | 50S ribosomal subunit protein L20; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds close to the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA. It is important during the early stages of 50S assembly. (118 aa) | ||||
aer | Fused signal transducer for aerotaxis sensory component/methyl accepting chemotaxis component; Signal transducer for aerotaxis. The aerotactic response is the accumulation of cells around air bubbles. The nature of the sensory stimulus detected by this protein is the proton motive force or cellular redox state. It uses a FAD prosthetic group as a redox sensor to monitor oxygen levels. (506 aa) | ||||
frdB | Fumarate reductase (anaerobic), Fe-S subunit; Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. (244 aa) | ||||
pitA | Phosphate transporter, low-affinity; Low-affinity inorganic phosphate transport. Can also transport arsenate; Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family. Pit subfamily. (499 aa) | ||||
narX | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarL; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate availability to the NarL protein and of both nitrate/nitrite to the NarP protein. NarX probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation in the presence of nitrate. NarX also plays a negative role in controlling NarL activity, probably through dephosphorylation in the absence of nitrate. (598 aa) | ||||
caiC | Putative crotonobetaine/carnitine-CoA ligase; Catalyzes the transfer of CoA to carnitine, generating the initial carnitinyl-CoA needed for the CaiB reaction cycle. Also has activity toward crotonobetaine and gamma-butyrobetaine. Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (517 aa) | ||||
fumB | Anaerobic class I fumarate hydratase (fumarase B); Catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to (S)-malate. Functions in the generation of fumarate for use as an anaerobic electron acceptor. To a lesser extent, also displays D-tartrate dehydratase activity, but is not able to convert (R)-malate, L-tartrate or meso-tartrate. Is required for anaerobic growth on D-tartrate. Belongs to the class-I fumarase family. (548 aa) | ||||
frdC | Fumarate reductase (anaerobic), membrane anchor subunit; Seems to be involved in the anchoring of the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. (131 aa) | ||||
dcuA | C4-dicarboxylate antiporter; Responsible for the transport of C4-dicarboxylates from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the DcuA/DcuB transporter (TC 2.A.13.1) family. (433 aa) | ||||
caiB | Crotonobetainyl CoA:carnitine CoA transferase; Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the CoA moiety from gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA to L-carnitine to generate L-carnitinyl-CoA and gamma-butyrobetaine. Is also able to catalyze the reversible transfer of the CoA moiety from gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA or L- carnitinyl-CoA to crotonobetaine to generate crotonobetainyl-CoA. Belongs to the CoA-transferase III family. CaiB subfamily. (405 aa) | ||||
ccmE | Periplasmic heme chaperone; Heme chaperone required for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. Transiently binds heme delivered by CcmC and transfers the heme to apo-cytochromes in a process facilitated by CcmF and CcmH; Belongs to the CcmE/CycJ family. (159 aa) | ||||
napC | Quinol dehydrogenase, electron source for NapAB; Mediates electron flow from quinones to the NapAB complex. (200 aa) | ||||
caiA | Crotonobetaine reductase subunit II, FAD-binding; Catalyzes the reduction of crotonobetainyl-CoA to gamma- butyrobetainyl-CoA. The electron donor could be the FixA/FixB complex. (380 aa) | ||||
hlyE | Hemolysin E; Toxin, which has some hemolytic activity towards mammalian cells. Acts by forming a pore-like structure upon contact with mammalian cells. (303 aa) | ||||
dmsC | Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit C; Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds. DmsC anchors the DmsAB dimer to the membrane and stabilizes it. (287 aa) | ||||
ysgA | Putative enzyme. (271 aa) | ||||
ccmF | Heme lyase, CcmF subunit; Required for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. Possible subunit of a heme lyase. (647 aa) | ||||
fumC | Fumarate hydratase (fumarase C),aerobic Class II; Involved in the TCA cycle. FumC seems to be a backup enzyme for FumA under conditions of iron limitation and oxidative stress. Catalyzes the stereospecific interconversion of fumarate to L-malate. Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily. (467 aa) | ||||
ygbA | Uncharacterized protein. (117 aa) | ||||
ahpC | Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, C22 subunit; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Is the primary scavenger for endogenously generated hydrogen peroxides; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. AhpC/Prx1 subfamily. (187 aa) | ||||
hypB | GTP hydrolase involved in nickel liganding into hydrogenases; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Required for nickel insertion into the metal center of the hydrogenase. Exhibits a low intrinsic GTPase activity, which is essential for nickel insertion. In the presence of GDP, nickel, but not zinc, is transferred from the HypB GTPase domain (G-domain) to HypA. Belongs to the SIMIBI class G3E GTPase family. HypB/HupM subfamily. (290 aa) | ||||
moaA | Molybdopterin biosynthesis protein A; Catalyzes, together with MoaC, the conversion of 5'-GTP to cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP or molybdopterin precursor Z). (329 aa) | ||||
frdA | Anaerobic fumarate reductase catalytic and NAD/flavoprotein subunit; Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily. (602 aa) | ||||
emrY | Putative multidrug efflux system; Part of the tripartite efflux system EmrYK-TolC, which confers resistance to various drugs. (512 aa) | ||||
napF | Ferredoxin-type protein, role in electron transfer to periplasmic nitrate reductase NapA; Could be involved in the maturation of NapA, the catalytic subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase, before its export into the periplasm. Is not involved in the electron transfer from menaquinol or ubiquinol to the periplasmic nitrate reductase. (164 aa) | ||||
napG | Ferredoxin-type protein; Required for electron transfer from ubiquinol, via NapC, to the periplasmic nitrate reductase NapAB complex. (231 aa) | ||||
pflB | Formate acetyltransferase 1; Protein involved in anaerobic respiration and cellular amino acid catabolic process. (760 aa) | ||||
dmsB | Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit B; Electron transfer subunit of the terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds. (205 aa) | ||||
yqjI | PadR family putative transcriptional regulator; Represses the expression of YqjH which is involved in iron homeostasis under excess nickel conditions. Also represses its own expression. (207 aa) | ||||
nuoE | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain E; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (166 aa) | ||||
cydA | Cytochrome d terminal oxidase, subunit I; A terminal oxidase that produces a proton motive force by the vectorial transfer of protons across the inner membrane. It is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. Belongs to the cytochrome ubiquinol oxidase subunit 1 family. (522 aa) | ||||
moeB | Molybdopterin synthase sulfurylase; Catalyzes the adenylation by ATP of the carboxyl group of the C-terminal glycine of sulfur carrier protein MoaD. (249 aa) | ||||
moaB | Inactive molybdopterin adenylyltransferase; May be involved in the biosynthesis of molybdopterin. Can bind GTP and has low GTPase activity. Can bind MPT, but has no MPT adenylyl transferase activity; Belongs to the MoaB/Mog family. (170 aa) | ||||
ompX | Outer membrane protein X; Belongs to the outer membrane OOP (TC 1.B.6) superfamily. OmpX family. (171 aa) | ||||
nuoG | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain G; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (908 aa) | ||||
narL | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (216 aa) | ||||
nuoA | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit A; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family. (147 aa) | ||||
focA | Formate channel; Involved in the bidirectional transport of formate; Belongs to the FNT transporter (TC 2.A.44) family. (285 aa) | ||||
nuoC | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, fused CD subunit; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family. (596 aa) | ||||
napD | Assembly protein for periplasmic nitrate reductase; Chaperone for NapA, the catalytic subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase. It binds directly and specifically to the twin- arginine signal peptide of NapA, preventing premature interaction with the Tat translocase and premature export. May have a role in the insertion of the NapA molybdenum cofactor. (87 aa) | ||||
bcsZ | endo-1,4-D-glucanase; Hydrolyzes carboxymethylcellulose. (368 aa) | ||||
garL | alpha-dehydro-beta-deoxy-D-glucarate aldolase; Catalyzes the reversible retro-aldol cleavage of both 5-keto- 4-deoxy-D-glucarate and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glucarate to pyruvate and tartronic semialdehyde; Belongs to the HpcH/HpaI aldolase family. KDGluc aldolase subfamily. (256 aa) | ||||
ndh | Respiratory NADH dehydrogenase 2/cupric reductase; Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. Does not couple the redox reaction to proton translocation. (434 aa) | ||||
pepT | Peptidase T; Cleaves the N-terminal amino acid of tripeptides. Belongs to the peptidase M20B family. (408 aa) | ||||
caiF | Cai operon transcriptional activator; Potential transcriptional activator of carnitine metabolism. (131 aa) | ||||
cydB | Cytochrome d terminal oxidase, subunit II; A terminal oxidase that produces a proton motive force by the vectorial transfer of protons across the inner membrane. It is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. (379 aa) | ||||
garK | Glycerate kinase I; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycerate kinase type-1 family. (381 aa) | ||||
nuoN | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit N; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family. (485 aa) | ||||
garP | Putative (D)-galactarate transporter; Uptake of D-galactarate; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Phthalate permease family. (444 aa) | ||||
nuoB | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain B; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (220 aa) | ||||
caiD | carnitinyl-CoA dehydratase; Catalyzes the reversible dehydration of L-carnitinyl-CoA to crotonobetainyl-CoA. (261 aa) | ||||
emrK | Multidrug resistance efflux pump membrane fusion protein; Part of the tripartite efflux system EmrYK-TolC, which confers resistance to various drugs. (387 aa) | ||||
moaC | Molybdopterin biosynthesis, protein C; Catalyzes the conversion of (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8- dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate to cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP). (161 aa) |